31 



36. Gentian. Rhizome and roots of Gentiana lutea L. Prepared 



as a tincture, elixir, etc. It is employed as a tonic to whet 

 the appetite. (Angostura bitters, used in cocktails, con- 

 tains gentian as an ingredient.) 



37. Senega. Roots of Polygala Senega L. Prepared as a fluide.x- 



tract, infusion or syrup. Used as an expectorant. It is 

 valuable for chronic bronchitis. 



38. Tolu. A balsam obtained from Toluifera Balsamum L. Pre- 



pared as a tincture or syrup; an expectorant. 



39. Prunus Yirginiana. Bark of Prunus serotina Ehrh. Prepared 



as a syrup, sometimes used as a tonic or to soothe the 

 mucous membranes of larynx and bronchi. 



40. Ipecac. Root of Cephaelis Ipecacuanha (Brotero) A. Richard. 



Prepared as a fluidextract, syrup, tincture, etc. It is used 

 as an expectorant in small doses and as an emetic in 

 larger doses. 



41. Belladonna. Leaves and roots of Atropa Belladonna L. The 



leaves are prepared as a tincture, ointment, and plaster; 

 the roots as a fluidextract, liniment, suppositories. It is 

 used to check secretions (sweat, urine, saliva). The alka- 

 loid atropin is used to dilate the pupil of the eye. 



42. Pilocarpus. Leaflets of Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf, or of 



P. Jahorandi Holmes. Prepared as a fluid extract. 

 Stimulate the flow of sweat and urine. It contains the 

 alkaloid pilocarpine which acts as a myotic when applied 

 to the pupil of the eye. 

 42a. Calabar Bean. Seed of Physostigma venenosum Balfour 

 from which the alkaloid physostigmine is obtained. It 

 also causes the pupil of the eye to contract. 



43. Cinchona. The dried back of several species of Cinchona 



prepared as a tincture, elixir, infusion. It contains the 

 alkaloid quinine used as a specific in malaria. 



44. Eucalyptol. Obtained from the oil of Eucalyptus globulus 



Labillardiere; used as an expectorant in pulmonary dis- 

 eases, and also as an antiseptic dressing. The oil itself 

 is used for this purpose also. 



45. Stramonium. Leaves of Datura Stramonium L. Prepared as 



an extract or tincture, similar to Belladonna in physi- 

 ological activity. The dried leaves are smoked to relieve 

 asthma. 



