57 



Picea canadensis Tilia americana 



Picea hrevifolia Tsuga canadensis 



Pinus resinosa Ulmus americana 



Among the shrubs the most characteristic ones are: 

 Alnus viridis. Ruhus strigosus 



Gaylussacia frondosa Ruhus setosus 



Rosa lucida Viburnum alnifolium 



The layer of spore- and seed-bearing plants (herbs), rising 

 above the carpet and mat formation of the forest, consists of 

 the following species : . 



Allium cernuum Medeola virginiana 



Arisaema triphyllum Pyrola elliptica 



Aster puniceus Unifolium canadense 



Clematis virginiana Thalictrum dioicum. 



Coptis trifolia Tiarella cordifolia. 



Malva sylvestris Trillium cernuum 



Leptamnium virginanum Trillium erectum 



Erythronium americanum Urticastrum divaricatum 



Fragaria americana Uvularia sessilifolia 



Galium trifolium Viola pubescens 



Gentiana Saponaria Viola rotundifolia 



Geranium Robertianum 



The mat- and carpet-covering of the forest consists of the 

 following forms: 



Gaultheria procumbens Polytrichum ohioense 



Lycopodium complanatum Russula cristosa 



Lycopodium lucidulum Russula foetens. 



Lycopodium dendroidus 



So far as the distribution of the forest formation is concerned, 

 only limited and isolated patches remind one of the fact that the 

 entire region was once forest, excepting the areas where the 

 meadow formation has established itself. There are lines of 

 forest formation along the crests of gulfs and valleys and there is 

 forest formation to be found on the slopes and in the bottoms 

 of such gulfs and valleys, wherever the lumbering activity of 

 man has not promoted a gradual increase of the typical plateau- 

 gulf and -valley formation at the expense of the plateau-forest 



