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wherever the basal structure of the area concerned has allowed 

 its development. While at some places it appears to be fully 

 developed, at others it is observed to lose ground at the expense 

 of the pasture and meadow formations. Even in the forest 

 it appears to yield gradually to the invading thicket and forest 

 zone. 

 The more characteristic forms observed are as follows: 



Alnus incana Iris versicola 



Aster puniceus Hicoria minima 



Bidens laevis Juncus canadensis 



Caltha palustris Juncus marginatus 



Carex gynandra Mimulus ringens 



Carex pauciflora Myosotis palustris 



Carex trihuloides moniliformis Polygonum arifolium 



Chrysosplenium americanum Scutellaria lateriflora 



Epilobium molle Sparganium simplex 



Galium asprellum Typha latifolia 



Galium trifidum Veronica americana 



Habenaria psychodes Veronica scutellata 



4. Plateau-Gulf and Valley Formation 

 This formation appears, wherever the lumbering activity of 

 man has removed the forest formation along the lines of drainage 

 on the deformed plateau. It is naturally composed of meso- 

 phytic forms which occupy especially the slopes of valleys, gulfs, 

 and ravines. Xerophytic forms are usually restricted to the 

 higher and highest levels of slope and to such restricted areas 

 within the bottom of gulfs and valleys which from the nature of 

 the soil-conditions favor their development. Also hydrophytic 

 species have taken advantage of conditions more or less prevailing 

 in the bottom of these drainage channels. 



As a subdivision we might include here the spring formation 

 which might be considered as a mixture of hydrophytic and meso- 

 phytic forms in so far as springs develop amidst a mesophytic 

 flora and introduce hydrophytic species into the latter, although 

 plants, typical for the swamp formation, may be lacking. This 

 however docs not exclude the possibility of conditions that ac- 



