12 



L. H, Bailey's Standard C^'clopedia of Horticulture, Vol. i, 

 1914, separates Viguiera from Helianthus as follows: 



Achenes pubescent. Viguiera. 



Achene? glabrous. Helianthus. 



Nuttall, as long ago as 1821, described Helianthus peti- 

 olaris (a strictly typical Helianthus) as having the "seeds 

 small, and spotted, covered with a silky and fulvous down." 

 Among the perennial Helianthi, some {e. g., H. ciliaris and H. 

 californicus) have the achenes perfectly glabrous; others {e. g., 

 H. subrhomboideus) have them hairy. In H. tuberosus the 

 achenes of the ray florets are sparingly hairy on the corners. 

 \n H. procumbens (from Bolivia) they are sparsely but evidently 

 hairy, the hairs rather long. 



I have not yet had occasion to study Flourensia, which seems 

 sufhcienth' distinct; but Viguiera is and has been a source of 

 confusion. I am greatly indebted to Dr. N. L. Britton for 

 material of V. helianthoides H.B.K., collected near Matanzas, 

 Cuba, Aug. 28, 1903 {Britton Of Wilson). Dr. Britton notes that 

 it is the "type species of the genus, from not very far from the 

 type locality." Its principal characters are as follows: 



Viguiera helianthoides H.B.K. 



Peduncles ver>' slender, broadening under heads; the same 

 broadening is seen in Helianthus decapetalus var. plenus (the 

 "double" garden variety, with brilliant orange heads, four 

 inches across). Leaves thin, broad-lanceolate, acuminate, taper- 

 ing below to a slender petiole; essentially three-nerved, the 

 main lateral nerves making ver^^ acute angles with the midrib; 

 very sparingly short-hairy above, conspicuously hair}' below; 

 margins entire, except for occasional obscure irregular notches. 

 The broadest part of the leaf is near the middle, not far below 

 it as in H. petiolaris. The venation, with the lateral nerves 

 coming off at very acute angles, resembles that of H. fascicularis. 

 The nervures leaving the midrib come off at about 45°, instead 

 of being (at least the lower ones) nearly transverse as in H. 

 grosseserratiis. Involucral bracts in two series only; broad at 

 base, with narrower ends; the apical part of outer bracts, 

 though much narrower than the basal, more or less broadened; 

 margins of bracts loosely white-hairy. The inner bracts are 

 formed practically as the outer bracts of H. annuus. There 



