14 



pointed pappus scales, and two smaller ones. Achenes abso- 

 lutely glabrous. 



H. californiais D.C. (Ex hort. U. of California, Berkeley, H. M. 

 Hall). 



Disc florets with two long pointed pappus scales, no inter- 

 mediate squamellae. Ray achenes trigonal, wholly without 



pappus scales, even in bud (ray florets without pistils). Achenes 

 wholly glabrous. 



H. procumbens Pers. (Bolivia, 0. Kiintze; sent by Dr. Britton). 



Disc florets with two long slender acuminate scales, and rudi- 

 mentary and irregular intermediate squamellae; margins of 

 pappus scales more or less erose or dentate. Achenes sparsely 



but evidently hairy, the hairs rather long. 



H. pumiJus Xutt. (Boulder, Colorado). 



Disc florets with two long scales, very" easily deciduous. Ray 

 florets with four pappus scales, all large and practically equal, 

 or two very small; the one on the outer side may have toothed 

 margins. The ray florets have well developed pistils, but the 

 long stigmatic branches are smooth. Achenes wholly glabrous. 



H. arid us Ry'db. (Boulder, Colorado). 



The usual two scales on the disc florets, but most have also 

 small accessory- squamellae, often slightly attached to the long 

 scales. 

 ^ Thus the condition of the pappus-crown is very diverse, and 

 it becomes extremely difficult to draw a hard line, on this char- 

 acter, between Helianthzis and Viguiera. In the study of the 

 pigments of HeUanthtis, I have recently discovered a remarkable 

 character, which may be of value for taxonomy. The yellow or 

 orange rays of many species, when immersed in liquor potassae 

 (KHO), give a most brilliant scarlet color. The particulars 

 are as follows: 



H. pumilus rays turn orange vermilion, especially the basal half. 

 H. coloradensis rays turn bright scarlet. 



H. fascicidaris ray's turn the same bright red ; so also H. utahensis. 

 H. ciUaris rays give a good scarlet color. 

 H. procumbens rays turn entirely a very fine rich red. 

 H. sill) rhomb aid etis rays turn brilliant scarlet along the veins. 



