229 



(b) Reduced, 4 cm. alt. (f. minuscula Elenkin & Savicz, ibid.). 



Substrata: On the earth. 



Distribution : Common in the Boreal zone or in alpine regions 

 above 5,000 ft. It occurs from Labrador to New York 

 and westward to Colorado, British Columbia and Alaska. 



Observations: This species is only to be confused with the 

 following from which it may be distinguished by its taller, 

 more slender, and less laciniate thallus, which is never 

 more than slightly sublacunose. The complete early 

 synonymy of the species is given as the name cucullata 

 is occasionally attributed to Smith, who though evidently 

 proposing it was antedated in print by Bellardi. 



Fig. 9. Range of Cetraria cucullata (Bell.) Ach. 



Exsiccati: No. 4. Lich. Amer. sept. Exs., Tuck. I & II. 



1848. "Montium Alborum." 

 No. loi, ibid., V. & VI. 1855. "Montium Alborum," 



called form latior. 

 No. 45. Decades N. Amer. Lich., Cummings, etc. Mt. 



Moosilauke, Aug. 10-17, 1898, 4,800 ft. 

 No. 230. Lich. Boreali-Amer., Cummings, etc., ibid. 

 No. 8. Canadian Lich., Macoun. Various stations, 1882- 



1891. 



Cetraria nivalis (L.) Ach. 



Synonymy: Lichen nivalis Linn., Spec. Plant. 2: 1145. 1753. 



Cetraria nivalis Ach., Meth. Lich. 292. ' 1803. 

 Type: In the Linnean herbarium, Burlington House, London. 

 Type locality: "Lapponiae, Upsaliae, Gronlandiae." 

 Original description: "foHaceus ascendens laciniatus crispus 

 glaber lacunosus albus margine elevato." 1. c. 



