57 



Table ok Measurements ok Iris versicolor 



Height of 205 swamp plants 1 1 1 -5 f 75.8j 3f>-0 cm. 



" " 220 bog plants 126.5 (82.7) 30.6 cm. 



Width of loaves of 239 swamp plants 2.7 ( 1.9) 0.8 cm. 



" " " " 237 bog plants 3.1(1.8) 0.7 cm. 



Depth of rhizome below surface, 103 swanii> plants. . . . 24.9 (10.7) 2.4 cm. 



" •' " " " 62 bog i)lants 30.4 (12.3) 3.5 cm. 



Thicknessof outer wall of epidermis of 70 swamp plants. 11. ( 9. ) 8. ;/. 



" " " " " " " 55 bog plants. .. . 21. (19. ) 17. ]X 



JOHANN DAVID SCHOPFF 



A Pioneer of American Botanical Exploration 



Adolph Toepkfer 



Johann David Schopff was born on March 8, 1752, in Wun- 

 siedel, Bavaria. After graduating from the gv^mnasium at Hof, 

 he studied medicine at the University of Erlangen, specializing 

 in botany and zoology. 



Early in 1777 he accompanied a regiment of Bavarian soldiers 

 to America as an army physician. While connected with an 

 army hospital in New York he was able to make some studies on 

 the plants of the vicinity, and conceived the plan of writing a 

 Flora of the State of New York. Recently there has come to 

 light the incomplete manuscript, entitled ''Index Plantarum 

 Noveboracensmm, quanim virtutes medicamentosa partim jamjam 

 exploratae, partim adhuc explorandae,'' which describes some 790 

 species of phanerogams, identifying them with Linnean species 

 and with the plants described by Cadwallader Colden in 1744. 

 He also describes briefly various cryptogams lent him by an- 

 other Hessian surgeon. Dr. von Wangenheim. Among these 

 were 18 ferns, 28 mosses, 4 hepatics, 37 algae, and 18 fungi. 

 The plants are all arranged according to the Linnean system, 

 the descriptions being in Latin. 



Among the localities where plants were collected are the fol- 

 lowing: — Mr. Bayard's House, Bloomendale, Bokram Mill, 

 Bowen,^ Brooklyn, Bunkers Hill, Bushwick, Coldspring. Coler 

 Ferry, Cuylers Hook, Derkers Ferr\', Dennys Ferr\-, Elliot's 

 House, Flatbush, Flatlands, Flushing, Flushing Fly, Fort 

 George, Fort Kuyphausen, Gravesend, Greenwich, Huntington, 

 Jamaica, Jerico, Jerusalem, Kingsbridge, Laurel Hill, Morris 



