several buds arc clustered at the end of the twigs, the overlapping 

 scales are in five rows and very numerous, three or four times 

 as many leaves being used as scales to protect the burl as will 

 develop as foliage leaves from the bud. In the tulip- tree the 

 bud is covered by the stipules belonging to the last leaf of the 

 preceding vseason. Inside these is a small leaf folded down the 

 midrib, then doubled over against the stem, its stipules much 

 larger than the leaf; these cover the next leaf whose stipules, in 

 turn cover the succeeding leaf. The first leaf, sometimes the 

 second also, is dead, the others will all open in the spring when 

 the stipules spread apart. The long slender buds of the beech 

 covered by twenty or more shining chestnut scales, each larger 

 than the preceding, will keep the scales for some time as the 

 bud opens in the spring, the inner ones covering the young leaves 

 after the bud has grown to three inches in leegth. 



In the case of the walnut, butternut and bitternut, no scales 

 are formed, but the young leaves, thick and covered with down 

 in the walnut and butternut, thinner and dotted with yellow 

 resin in the bitternut, are crowded together in an unprotected 

 bud. The petioles are larger than the closely folded leaflets, 

 the outer leaves showing eight or nine pairs of leaflets, the 

 inner and smaller ones more. 



Most trees with definite growth have all the leaves of the 

 next season already formed in the bud. This can be readily 

 seen in the tulip-tree and maples by counting the number of 

 leaf scars on the year's growth, then dissecting the bud and 

 counting the young leaves hidden there. 



Explanation of plate 



Fig. I. A and B. Leaf buds of Flowering Dogwood. 



C. Long. sect, of same, slightly diagrammatic. 

 Fig. 2. Flower buds of Dogwood. 

 Fig. 3. A, Butternut twig and bud. 



B. One outer and one inner leaf from the bud. 

 Fig. 4. A. Twig of Black Locust with almost invisible thorns. 



B. Twig of Locust with thorns, remains of small branchlets above 

 leaf scars. 



C. Long, sect, through twig showing buds under leaf scar. 

 Fig. 5. Bud of Beech. 



New York. 



