TORREYA 



January, 1918. 

 Vol. 18 No. I. 



THE HAWAIIAN VIOLACEAE 



By Valghan MacCaughey 



The Violaceae are represented in the Hawaiian flora by 14 

 species and varieties — 1 1 in the genus Viola and 3 in Isodendrion. 

 It is notewortKy that these are all endemic, ligneous, and shrubby. 

 The genus Isodendrion Gray is endemic. Most of the species 

 and varieties are highly precinctive and give evidence of having 

 been members of the Hawaiian flora for a very long time. 



The Hawaiian violets have been studied by a number of taxon- 

 omists, as is indicated by the following select bibliography: 

 1826 Gingins in Linnaea I: 408 



1854 Gray in Botany of the U. S. Exploring Expedition 

 1866 Mann in Enumeration of Hawaiian Plants 



Flora of the Hawaiian Islands 

 1888 Hillebrand in Flora of the Hawaiian Islands 

 1897 Heller in Plants of the Hawaiian Islands 



1908 Forbes in New Hawaiian Plants 



1909 Forbes in New Hawaiian Plants 



191 1 Rock in Notes upon Hawaiian Plants. 



Practically all of this material is very rare and inaccessible out- 

 side of large botanical libraries. 



The present paper is, however, the first comprehensive account 

 which has included all of the recorded species and varieties. It 

 is based upon field work extending over nearly ten years and 

 contains new ecological material. 



The genus Viola comprises about 200 species, widely distrib- 

 uted throughout the world, but most abundant in temperate 

 regions. The tribe Violae, to which Viola belongs, occurs chiefly 



[No. 12, Vol. 17 of ToRREYA, Comprising pp. 207-242, was issued 24 January, 

 1918.] 



1 



