143 



Classes are in charge of Dr. Forman T. McLean and Dr. 

 Elmer D. Merrill. 



The University of Pittsburgh has organized the University 

 of Pittsburgh Lake Laboratory to carry on investigations at 

 the biological laboratory at Presque Isle, Lake Erie, and to con- 

 duct summer work in botany and zoology. Dr. Otto E. Jen- 

 nings, head of the department of botany is director and Dr. 

 S. H. Williams, professor of zoology, associate director. 



Dr. D. T. McDougal, of the Carnegie Institution of Wash- 

 ington, was appointed as representative of the Torrey Botani- 

 cal Club to the International Conference on Plant Nomen- 

 clature. 



The New York Botanical Garden was represented at the 

 fifth International Botanical Congress at Cambridge, England, 

 by Director E. D. Merrill, Dr. J. H. Barnhart, Dr. B. O. 

 Dodge, Dr. H. A. Gleason and Dr. A. B. Stout. They will re- 

 main until late in the fall as they are planning research work at 

 Kew and the European institutions. Dr. Merrill is one of the 

 vice-presidents of the Congress and also a vice-president of 

 the section on taxonomy. 



Dr. F. O. Bower, emeritus professor of botany at the Uni- 

 versity of Glassgow, who succeeds Sir Thomas Holland as 

 President of the British Association for the Advancement of 

 Science, took as the subject of his address "Size and Form in 

 Plants." The meeting of the Association was at Bristol from 

 September 3-10 (Science). 



One and a half billion dollars annually is the average amount 

 of the injury plant diseases do in the United States each year, 

 says Dr. R. J. Haskell, plant pathologist of the U. S. Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, who is in charge of the plant disease survey 

 of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Other nations suffer propor- 

 tionate losses, although statistical information is lacking in 

 many countries. In Canada the estimated annual losses average 

 about 15,000,000 English pounds. England estimates that plant 

 disease takes an average of 10 per cent of the value of its plant 

 products. It is estimated, that the United States wheat crop is 

 reduced by about 97,000,000 bushels a year, on the average, 

 by rusts, smuts, root rots and other diseases. The corn crop 

 is curtailed by approximately 271,000,000 bushels and white 

 potatoes by about 95,000,000 bushels annually. 



In a new bulletin. Miscellaneous Bulletin No. 77, American 



