Solubilities and Molecular Weight Determinations in 

 Liquid Chlorine. — By K. H. Butler, M. A. and D. Mc- 

 Intosh, D. Sc, F. R. S. C, Dalhousie University, Hali- 

 fax, N. S. 



(Presented 19 April, 1926) 



The solubilities of compounds, their molecular weights, and 

 the combinations formed by them in the non-polar liquid, chlor- 

 ine, have been investigated by Beckmann, Karsten, Thomas and 

 Depuis, Waentig and Mcintosh, Mennie and Mcintosh, and 

 Biltz and Meinecke. We have done further work on this 

 problem by a somewhat new method, taking as a measure of 

 the solubility the rise in boiling point of the chlorine on the 

 addition of a salt A Beckmann thermometer, calibrated by 

 means of an electrical resistance thermometer, and a modified 

 Beckmann apparatus with the condenser kept cool by solid car- 

 bon dioxide and ether proved very satisfactory, and in the case of 

 the soluble substances, enabled us to determine the ebullioscopic 

 constant, i. e., the rise in boiling point for one gram molecule 

 of solute in one thousand grams of solvent. 



The following is a summary of the results obtained: Fifty- 

 nine of the commoner salts were shown to be insoluble in liquid 

 chlorine at its boiling point. 



The reactions of ten of the elements were studied. In 

 general our results agreed with those of previous observers, but 

 certain new facts may be mentioned. 



Sulphur was found to be non-reactive and insoluble in 

 boiling chlorine; arsenic in lumps was inactive; silver, copper 

 and zinc were unaffected; aluminium wire was quickly changed 

 to the chloride, which remained undissolved in the liquid; 

 iodine, phosphorus and tin reacted quite violently, but only in 

 the last case was there a rise in the boiling point, showing that 

 solution had taken place. 



The ebullioscopic constants were found to be: 



Chloroform 1 .73 



Carbon tetrachloride 1 . 76 



Stannic chloride 1.72 



Phosphorus oxychloride 1.59 



Sulphur chloride l.SS 



Bromine 2.83-2.70 



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