82 



Specialized and metamorphosed roots. General structure and 

 distribution of the leading tissues of the root. 



The Flower. Structure of a typical flower, especially of ovule 

 and pollen ; functions of the parts. Comparative morphological 

 study of four or more different marked types, with the construc- 

 tion of transverse and longitudinal diagrams. 



Tlie Fruit. Structure of a typical fruit. Comparative mor- 

 phological study of four or more marked types with diagrams. 



This comparative morphological study of flowers and fruits 

 may advantageously be postponed to the end of II, and then 

 taken up in connection with the classification of the Angiosperms. 



TJie Cell. Cytoplasm, nucleus, sap-cavity, wall. 



As to the study of the cell, it is by no means to be postponed 

 for consideration by itself after the other topics, as its position in 

 the above outline may seem to imply, but it is to be brought in 

 earlier, along with the study of the shoot or root, and contin- 

 ued from topic to topic. Although enough study of the individ- 

 ual cell is to be made to give an idea of its structure (a study 

 which may very advantageously be associated with the physio- 

 logical topics mentioned first under B), the principal microscopi- 

 cal work should consist in the recognition and study of the dis- 

 tribution of the leading tissues. 



B. Physiology and Ecology. 



Role of water in the plant ; absorption (osmosis), path of trans- 

 fer, transpiration, turgidity and its mechanical value, plasmolysis. 



Photosynthesis ; Dependence of starch formationnpon chlorophyl, 

 light, and carbon dioxide ; evolntion of oxygen, observation of 

 starch grains. 



Respiration ; 7ieed of oxygen in groivth, evolution of carbon 

 dioxide. 



Digestion ; Digestion of starch tvith diastase, and its role in 

 translocation of foods. 



Irritability ; Geotropism, heliotropism and hydrotropism. 



Growth ; localization in higher plants ; amount in elongating 

 stems ; relationships to temperature. 



Fertilization ; sexual and vegetative reproduction. 



