84 



group, supplemented and extended by more rapid study of other 

 forms in those groups. . Where living material is wanting for the 

 latter, preserved material and even good pictures may be used,, 

 and a standard text-book should be thoroughly read. The gen- 

 eral homologies from group to group should be understood, 

 though it is not expected that these will be known in detail. 



In general, in this part of the course, it is recommended that 

 much less attention be given to the lower and inconspicuous 

 groups, and progressively to the higher and conspicuous forms. 



Following is a list of recommended types from which, or their 

 equivalents, selection may be made : 



A. Algae. Pleitrococais. Sphaerella, Spirogyra, Vaucheria^ 

 Ihiciis, Nemalion (or Polysiplionia or Coleochaete). 



B. Fungi. Bacteria, Rhizopits, or Miicor, Yeast, Piiccinia (or 

 a powdery mildew). Corn Smut, Mushroom, 



Bacteria and yeast have obvious disadvantages in such a 

 course, but their great economic prominence may justify their 

 introduction. 



C. Lichens. Physcia (or Parmelia, or Usnea. 



D. Bryophytes. In Hepaticae, Radida (or Porella or Mar- 

 chantid). In Musci, Mnium (or Polytrichwn or Fiinarid). 



E. Pteridophytes. In Filicineae, ^^//(izV/w or equivalent, in- 

 cluding, of course, the prothallus. 



In Equisetineae, Eqidsetuni. 



In Lycopodineae, Lycopodium and Selaginella (or Isoetes). 



F. Gymmosperms. Pinus or equivalent. 



G. Angiosperms. a monocotyledon and a dictoyledon, to be 

 studied with reference to the homologies of their parts with those 

 in the above groups ; together with representative plants of the 

 leading subdivisions and principal families of Angiosperms. 



Classification should include a study of the primary subdivi- 

 sions of the above groups, based on the comparison of the types 

 with other living (preferably) or preserved material. The princi- 

 pal subdivisions of the Angiosperms, grouped on the Englerand 

 Prantl system, should be understood. 



The ability to use manuals for the determination of the species 

 of flowering plants is not considered essential in this course^ 



