104 HALIFAX WATKR WOHlvS.- .I()I!\.S'i\)N. 



Mass., fnr rhc ciMs-iiiir <>t" tlic Charlis Ki\cv, (nic nt" the tlivcc 

 kinds (if jdiiiN nscil was tlcsfi'ibeil as tnllnws: 'riircc tuiMcd 

 i;r()(i\'cs wci'c made in tlii' licU instead (if the >inii]c one sn as to 

 hold tli(« lead iiiipfc securely, and the spi^dr was siiiodtldy 

 turned with a srrai<iiit taper to a standard itatrvni so as to Ix.' 

 iiitcrcliaiiucalilc. After insertiii_<>- (Hic of these taperinu,' sjtigots 

 in the liell of the ]>i))e and riiiininii' tlie joint with lead the 

 spiii'ot eonld he withdrawn, and when ai>-ain i'aserte-d would 

 make a tiiilit joint. This is ])ra('ticall_v one pattern of a tui'iie(l 

 iiud liored joint. Im the ])attern used in Halifax a lip or rim is 

 cast on the spigot end of the pipe, varying in length fr(>m -2} 

 inches in a :?7-incli, to 1^ inches long on a 6-inch pipe, tapering 

 about 1-24 of a.i inch in its length. A finislied lip or nm is cast 

 in tlK' huh, the pi])es are then centered in a lathe and the rim 

 on the spigot end is turned and the rim on the hub enid is bored 

 hy the sanu! movement <»f tlu' lath(\ ( ^ire is taken that the 

 ])attern is made to give a full size casti'.ig so that when planed 

 down the ends tit accuratcdy. The total depth (d* the huh varies 

 in the different sizc<s from 4 to 5 inches. 



In layi'.ig, the ))i]>e is lowered into the trench with the joint 

 smeared with oxide ])aint, and ])lac(*d in ]M)sition on the l>to<d<- 

 ing, entering the fauc('t id' the last laid pi]»e. The 'next ]>i])(' is 

 then lowered and held in its slings while the men in the trench 

 swing it backwards and forwards and thus ram the last hiid pil)c 

 tighdly liome in its ])lace. A hlock of hard-Wdod he-tween the 

 pipes are hnvei-ed with a derrick. Should there he any slight 

 diameter are held in slin<>s by four men (ui the bank; larger 

 pi]>C's are lowere(l with a (Uu-rick. Should there he any slight 

 weepage tln^ joint soon rusts tight. in llie fifteen yi'ars' 

 exj)erience with this form of j<)int there have only Ik'^mi 

 two discovered leaks through them, one i'.i the 27-inch 

 main near Young St"cet, and one in the (i-inch main in \'(Ming 

 Avenue. In the latter case the ]»i])e was laid in the sewer 1r<'nch. 

 As the ba(dv tiling of the latter settk'd, the blocking of the ])i])e 

 was disturbed . nd the pipe settled and drew one joint. In the 



