HALIFAX WATER WORKS. — JOHNSTON. 115 



for the entire population (assuming it to be 41,000) of 224 

 gallons i)er capita per day. From exhaustive investigations 

 undertaken by the Metropolitan Water Board of Massachusetts, 

 the conclusion arrived at was that a liberal supT)ly for domestic 

 purposes is 25 gallons per day, for manufactni'ing, mechanical 

 and tra<le use 23.5 gallons, and for public use 7 gallons, 

 making a total of 55.5 gallons per capita per day. Taking 

 these figures as being applicable to Halifax, the consumption 

 should be 2,275,000 gallons per day, which means that 

 0,907, 080 gallons per day are being wasted. The average 

 daily consumption through 144 meters on dwelling houses of 

 various values in the city amounts to 105 gallons for each ser- 

 vice pipe. Allowing five jx'rsons to a family, this would give 

 21 gallons per capita per day, which agrees practically with the 

 amoimt stated above as being a fair and liberal allowance for 

 d(.)m(»stic use. Another j)roof tliat the ligures of the daily con- 

 siim])ti(in are under estimated, is the fact that during the past 

 year on the low service supply over 1,000 million gallons of 

 storage was used u]) during 155 days which Wduld <'(|ual 0,500,- 

 000 gallons ]3er day. 



If 00 gallons ix'r capita per day be assumed as a fair allow- 

 ance, it follows that at least 170 gallons per capita per day 

 brought into the city is wasted either through leaks in the mains 

 or water pipes and fittings in private premises. There is no 

 doid)t considerable leakage from the mains, ])arricuhn'lv on the 

 low service where so many of them are laid with wood joints; 

 and a number of them are laid through or near old drains and 

 sewers, so that the leaks do not show at the surface but the 

 water runs ofp through drains. In Milton, a small town in 

 Massachnsefts, where all the services are metered and where the 

 total quantity of water supplied is measured, and there are 35 

 miles of \)\]H' laid, the leakage from tli<' mains amounts to about 

 8,000 gallons per day i)er mile of jiipe. In Fall River it 

 amounts to 10,000 gallons per day ])er mile of pipe, although 

 in their case they have only Jx; per cent, of their services 



