11 



Figure 2 gives a plan of the double tower near the mouth of the Man- 

 eos ; it has already been described. 



The ruin, of which a plan is given in figure 3, occurs on the left bank 

 of the Mancos about eight miles above the foot of the canon. It is one 

 of the best preserved specimens of the ruined towers, and seems to have 

 been built with much skill. It is 9 feet in diameter on the inside and 

 about 16 feet high. There are three rectangular apartments attached, 

 the walls of which are almost leveled with the ground. In the side of 

 the tower facing the river is a window, about 8 feet from the ground and 

 2 feet high by 1.^ wide. I had been previously led to the conclusion that 

 these towers were in all cases built without windows or openings of any 

 kind within reach of the ground from without, and it is not improbable 

 that this opening did nor communicate with the outside, but served as a 

 doorway between the tower and one of the adjoining apartments. The 

 advantage of such an arrangement in a defensive work, such as we may 

 suppose this to have been, is clearly apparent, and evinces not a little 

 intelligence and forethought on the part of the builders. Being built 

 in connection with dwellings and places of resort, they could, in case of 

 alarm, be reached with ease from within, but be altogether secure from 

 without. 



This ruin was visited by Mr. Jackson last year, and a sketch of it has 

 been published. 



Figured Thelarge circular ruin, of which aground-plan is given in this 

 plate, was also visited by Mr. Jackson, photographs were made, and a 

 brief description given ; but I deem it best to give a more detailed 

 description, the result of such observations and measurements as could 

 be made in a period of time entirely too short for a work of such import- 

 ance. 



This ruin is situated on a narrow strip of alluvial bottom about mid- 

 way in the canon of the Mancos. On first approaching it, one does not 

 observe that it differs greatly from the ordinary fragmentary structures 

 below, as it is much decayed and almost hidden by artemisia and vines. 

 Closer inspection, however, develops the greater part of the outline, 

 and I imagine that a little excavation would bring all the foundations 

 to light. The inner wall can be traced throughout the entire circle, and 

 is in places 6 or 8 feet high. A portion of the outer wall, at the point 

 farthest from the river, is still 12 feet in height and in a fair state of 

 preservation. The space between the walls has been divided into cells, 

 as in the two examples given in plate II. Four of the cross walls are 

 still a number of feet high, while others can be traced bylines of debris. 

 The diameter of the outer wall is 43 feet; that of the inner, 25 feet. They 

 are faced up with larger stones than usual (the heaviest of which, how- 

 ever, could be lifted with ease by a single workman), and have been 

 filled in with rubble, adobe, and wood. The outside courses have been 

 dressed to the curve, and the implements used, judging from the appear- 

 ance of the picked surfaces, have been of stone. The main walls are 21 

 inches in thickness, while the partition-walls are somewhat lighter, and 

 seem to have been but slightly built into the circular walls. 



In order to determine the probable number of these cells, I measured 

 the two having complete walls, and found the inner side of each to be 

 8 feet. As these were both on one side of the circle, I had but to 

 measure the remaining space to complete the semicircle, and on so doing 

 found that there was just room for three additional cells and the neces- 

 sary partition- walls; two of these were still traceable. To complete the 

 circle, therefore, ten apartments would be necessary. Being desirous 

 of confirming this conclusion, I took the diameter of the inner circle 



