50 



DESCRIPTION OF SKULLS. 



The three skulls forming the more interesting part of the remains are 

 designated by Nos. 1, 2, and 3, respectively. 



JSlcull Xo. 1.— Plates 23, 24, and 25, {Fig. 5.) 



This is almost perfect, with the exception of the right styloid process, 

 which is missing, and the two condyles articulating with the atlas, 

 which, according to all appearance, were broken off quite recently. 



Viewed from above, the outline of the massive skull is somewhat 

 heart-shaped, and but litile irregular, the irregularity being chiefly due 

 to the depression of the posterior portion of the left parietal bone. 

 This depression extends also, but less marked, a short distance over 

 the right parietal, inclosing a somewhat triangular spac«, and likewise 

 over the occipital, down to the protuberance. Serration of sagittal 

 suture coarse. A small Wormian bone in the coronal near the left 

 temporal ridge. Parietal tubers very pronounced. 



In profile the considerable height of the skull is very striking, as is 

 also the depression,, if the left side be turned toward the observer. 

 Occiput, from a i)lane laid horizontally through the tubera parietalia 

 downward, straight, almost perpendicular, the central portion of the 

 occipital only bulging out slightly. Temporal ridges pronounced ; mas- 

 toid process heavy ; meatus rather elongated. Lrpi)er portion of frontal, 

 from the region of the tubera, receding; supra orljital arches moderately 

 convex. Nasofrontal angle considerable, indicating aquiline features; 

 anterior nasal spine prominent. There is a slight tendency to progna- 

 thism. 



A frontal view shows a moderately broad forehead; distance between 

 the orbits rather considerable ; left supra-orbital foramen exceedingly 

 small; the right supraorbital arch shows 3 foramina. Malars massive; 

 incisive fosste de«p ; canine eminences considerable. Muscular inser- 

 tions of the lower jaw invariably very pronounced, but the exterior 

 oblique line comparatively weakly developed. Height of ramus l.^"^.!. 

 Teeth normal, their crowns slightly worn down, especially those of the 

 incisors, but in excellent state of preservation. 



In a base view the deformation shows almost as much as in profile. 

 The left mastoid process, being more obtuse than the right one, is 

 pushed forward, and, in connection with this the foramen magnum is 

 somewhat asymmetrical and distorted. Left i^osterior condyloid fora- 

 men wanting; the spot where it ought to be is, however, very thin; 

 and, as in similar cases, the size of the existing foramen is greater than 

 usual. The effect of distortion may be noticed along the entire leJt 

 portion of the base, on which side the eruption of the last molar never 

 took place, although the right one cut through. 



Viewed from behind, the outline of the skull is hexagonal. Parietals 

 sloping considerably from the sagittal suture to the tubera, from which 

 they form au almost perpendicular line to the mastoid portions of the 

 squamosals. Lower outline of occipital but slightly convex. The in- 

 ternal occipital protuberance is but faintly indicated, especially if com- 

 pared with other muscular insertions, but the ridge is strongly marked. 

 While the right depression for the insertion of the rectus capitis j)osti- 

 cus is deep and well developed, the opposite is but shallow. 



Before giving the conventional measurements it may be well to state 

 that the indices of height and breadth were intentionally omitted, as, on 

 account of the deformation of the skull, they would be of little value. 



