I 



53 



Although the occipital bone is almost entirely wanting, it may still 

 readily be seen that the skull had been deformed in a manner analogous 

 to the two others, and as it seems, chiefly on its right side, as a view from 

 above will demonstrate, although the depression of the occipital region 

 does not seem to have been as great as- in either of the cases above men- 

 tiotaed. The outline of the cranium is more oval than that of No. 1 and 

 No. 2, and appears somewhat flattened near the median line along the 

 parietals. The superciliary ridges protrude very considerably beyond 

 the general outline of the frontal, and in the same view, from above the 

 zygomatic bones, the nasals and the upper maxillte may be seen to pro- 

 ject. There are no traces left of the sagittal suture ; the direction of 

 the latter cannot even be detected if the skull be held against a strong 

 light ; but the coronal is plainly visible. As already stated, the occipital 

 bone is almost entirely broken, there being left only a narrow piece of its 

 upper portion, which measures about 9 centimeters in length. The right 

 side of the skull is of a dark brown color, which is frequently noticed 

 on bones exhumed from peat-bogs. An examination proved the coloring 

 matter to be chiefly iron. Like the rest of the surface the right side, 

 besides being colored, is covered by numerous fine cracks and grooves, 

 either produced by running water that dissolved the carbonate of lime 

 of the osseous tissue, or by the roots of plants that assimilated the salts. 

 The side under consideration has the exterior portion of the mastoid 

 process, which is rather massive, preserved. Temporal ridge extremely 

 developed; zygomatic process strong. Frontal bone receding almost 

 as much as in some ancient Peruvian skulls that lie before me, and 

 which are artificially deformed. Superciliary ridges very prominent; 

 nasals strongly curved, aquiline ; upper maxilla prognathic in a consid- 

 erable degree. 



In a front view the heavy superciliary ridges appear very marked ; 

 supra-orbital arches strong; foramina large; anterior nasal spine 

 Ijrojectiiig; septum oblique, its ijosterior j)ortiou shifted toward the 

 right from the median liue. First left incisor j)artly decayed ; crowns 

 of the teeth, especially on that of the molars, ground down. Insertions 

 of muscles of lower jaw strong; those of the left more developed than 

 the right; mental process prominent. Height of ramus from angle to 

 highest point of condjle, 6*"". 8; sigmoid notch deep ; distance betvreen 

 the outermost points of right and lefc condyles, 12<=™.2. 



Mtasurements. 



c.em 

 Capacity 



mm. 



Length 



Breadth , 1^6 



Breadth of frontal - 119 



Height 



Froutal arch 297 



Parietal arch Jt 33S 



Occi])ital arch 



Longitudiual arch 



Circmnfereuce - ; 



Length of frontal 126 



Length of parietal 132 



Length of occipital 



Zygomatic diameter l-^-l 



Thanks to the kindness of Dr. A. Otis, who, with his usual liberality, 

 placed the osteological collection of the United States Army Medical 

 Museum at my disposal, I could examine the two skulls collected by 



