56 



mm. 



Longitudinal arcli 338 



Circumference 495 



Length of frontal 115 



Length of parietal 130 



Length of occipital 163 



Zj-gomatic diameter 123 



In order to show the resemblance between the skulls from Southern 

 Colorado and New Mexico, described on the preceding pages, and those of 

 the ancient Peruvians, the diagram, Fig. 14 on PI. 29, was drawn. Before 

 referring to the latter, we may be allowed to recall the fact that there 

 are two different types of Peruvian skulls, one kind being lengthened 

 similarly to those of the Macrocephali of Hippocrates,* and found chiefly 

 in the chulpas near Luke Titicaca, while those from other localities, and 

 not met with under the "burial towers," are shortened by compression of 

 the occipital region. We hardly need to state that the type alluded to 

 here is the latter one.t The skull, whose profile is represented by the 

 less heavy lines, belongs to the collection of the United States Army 

 Medical Museum. It bears the number 250 of the catalogue, and is 

 designated as " Pachacamac skull, from Peru." Viewed from above it 

 is similar in outline to skull 1179, previously described, (represented in 

 heavy lines on the diagram.) Its frontal bone only proves to be more 

 receding and elongated than that of the latter, it being, besides, a little 

 longer, and in the norma verticalis we perceive the zygomatic bones, 

 the nasals, and the upper maxillae, to project more beyond the general 

 outlines of the cranium than it is the case with No. 1179. It is rather 

 thick and heavy, apparently male, with pronounced muscular inser- 

 tions. Those of its measurements that may be of interest in our case 

 are as follows : 



mtn. 



Length 162 



Breadth 156 



Breadth of frontal 118 



Length of frontal 119 



Circumference 505 



The dotted profile line of the diagram is that of skull No. 276 of 

 the'catalogue above mentioned, and designated as " Cranium of pure 

 Indian. Coban, Guatemala." Viewed from above it appears slightly 

 asymmetrical, the left parietal being compressed at its posterior portion, 

 between the lower third of the sagittal suture, the tuber, and the 

 squamosal. The zygomatic bones and the malars project beyond the 

 general outline of the cranium in this position, and likewise the super- 

 ciliar ridges and the nasals, the greatest breadth being found a little 

 below the parietal tubers. Apparently male ; muscular insertions very 

 pronounced ; skull heavy and thick. 



As measurements of interest I shall give : 



mm. 



Length 162 



Breadth 142 



Breadth of frontal 112 



Length of frontal 122 



Circumference 48i 



* Magni Hippocratis medicorum omnium facile principis opera omnia qute exstant, 

 nunc deuuo laiiua interpretatione et annotationibus illustrata, Anutio Foesio Medio- 

 matrico medico authore. Francofurti, MDCXXIV, page 289. 



i Mariano Eduardo de Bivero y Juan Diego de Tschudi, Jntiguedades Peruanas, Vienna, 

 1851, p. 25, where the type in question is represented, with two others, the authors 

 distinguishing three types on rather trivial grounds. A large view of the type under 

 consideration is also figured in the atlas accompanying the volume, Plate V. 



