REVIEWS 113 



gray, micaceous sandstones characterize the next 300 to 350 feet. This 

 red-shale interval constitutes .the Cattaraugus formation. In its upper 

 part a second lentil, the Salamanca conglomerate, occurs. It lenses 

 out eastward, but becomes prominent westward in the Salamanca region 

 and is regarded as the same as the Pope Hollow and Panama conglom- 

 erates farther west. A third lentil, called the Kilbuck conglomerate 

 by Mr. M. L. Fuller, occurs about 50 to 70 feet above the Salamanca. 

 It is found in the Salamanca region only. 



The next formation is the Osvvayo, characterized by rusty olive 

 colored, limonitic sandy shale, from 160 to 250 feet thick. Over this 

 the Sub-Olean, or Shenango, conglomerate is found in some areas, 

 usually 20 to 30 feet thick, but apparently cut out in other places, and 

 on the Olean quadrangle losing its conglomeratic character and merg- 

 ing into a sandy shale similar to the Oswayo shale. Over it, when not 

 apparently cut out also, are 30 to 50 feet of Sub-Olean, or Shenango, 

 shale. This is overlaid by the Olean conglomerate, usually massive 

 and round-pebbled, 50 to 90 feet thick. A few feet of thin, rusty, 

 sandy Sharon shale overlies the Olean conglomerate at Rock City. 



The shales below the Wolf Creek are Devonian. From the base of 

 the Wolf Creek to the top of the Oswayo a mingling of Devonian and 

 Carboniferous faunas makes it best to designate these rocks, for the 

 present, as Devono-Carboniferous. Above the Oswayo the rocks are 

 regarded as Carboniferous. 



The rocks dip 25 to 30 feet per mile slightly west of south. Minor 

 rolls causing local reversals of dip are known to occur. 



AUTHOR'S ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS READ AT THE WASHINGTON 



MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE 



ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. SECTION E. 



Geological Age of the West Indian Volca?iic Formations. By J. W. 

 Spencer. 



The Greater Antilles appear to be nearly devoid of volcanoes. 

 The writer has seen only the remains of one in Jamaica (at Low Lay- 

 ton), and none in Cuba. But there are extensive underlying igneous 

 formations in all these islands. However, in the inner zone of the 

 Caribbean or Windward Islands there are many cones, and beneath 

 these and the outer islands there is an underlying volcanic basement. 

 In such of the outer islands as St. Martin, and better still in Antigua, 

 and in St. Croix one gets some knowledge of the antiquitv of the 



