REVIEWS 423 



glacial, but may have been brought by ice-floes at a time when the land stood about 

 800 feet lower than now. A subsidence of that amount would greatly change the 

 contours of the coast and make islands of part of the mainland. 



The Norton Bay region has suffered no general glaciation, but may have carried 

 small local glaciers. 



Collier, A. J. Recotmaissance of the Northwestern Portion of the Seward 

 Peninsula, Alaska. Professional Paper No. 2, U. S. Geol. Surv. 68 

 pages, 1902. 



Surface deposits are discussed on pp. 24-9. Aside from the sand and gravel 

 along the coastal plain and the streams, there are a few places where rounded pebbles 

 and washed gravel occur at high altitudes remote from streams. There has been but 

 little glaciation in the mountains of this region. 



Evidences of uplift and warping are discussed on pp. 34-43. The plateaus, 

 benches, and plains indicate four extensive cycles of uplift and erosion, all of which 

 are post-Mesozoic. 



Gannett, Henry. General Geography of Alaska. Harriman Alaska 

 Expedition, pp. 257-77, igoi ; also Nat. Geog. Mag., Vol. XII, pp. 180- 

 96, 1 90 1. 



Attention is called to the fact that nowhere else on the earth is such magnificence 

 of mountain fiord and glacier scenery to be found. It is thought that glaciation has 

 been a very important factor in shaping the fiords and rounding the mountain surfaces. 

 The present glaciers, though far larger than those of Switzerland, are trifling compared 

 to their predecessors. There is a narrow strip of low coast from the Mount. St. 

 Elias region westward, and the Alaskan coast of Bering sea is mainly low and marshy. 

 The Yukon delta covers thousands of square miles. The Yukon river is navigable 

 for small steamers throughout its course in Alaska. The interior of Alaska is but 

 little known, but so far as explored is found to be traversed by a system of rivers 

 navigable for canoes, though in some cases interrupted by rapids and low falls. The 

 Pacific coast climate is very damp and the skies are cloudy. It is much warmer than 

 the coast of Bering sea, because the latter is practically a closed sea to which the 

 warm waters of the Pacific do not have access. The interior is subjeet to a far greater 

 range in temperature than the coast, there being a known range of about 150° 

 Fahrenheit in certain localities along the Yukon. 



MuiR, John. The Pacific Coast Glaciers. Harriman Alaska Expedition, 



Vol. I, pp. 119-35, 1901. 



The Sierra Nevada of California carry sixty-five small glaciers at altitudes of 

 11,000 to 12,000 feet. They are mainly between latitude 37° and 38°. On Mount 

 Shasta a glacier extends down to 9,000 feet. The Cascade range of Oregon and 

 Washington has groups of glaciers on the highest mountains. From Mount Ranier 

 they descend to 3,000 to 4,000 feet above the sea. 



In British Columbia and southeastern Alaska the broad lofty mountains along 

 the coast are usually laden with ice, and the upper branches of nearly all the canyons 

 occupied by glaciers. The highest and snowiest are between latitude 56° and 61°, 

 and they afford a considerable number that discharge icebergs into the sea. This 

 very snowy field is about 500 miles long and 100 miles broad, and probably includes 



