424 REVIEWS 



nine-tenths of the ice on the coast. Glaciers are very few and small north of lati- 

 tude 65°. 



There are about loo large glaciers that do not reach the sea. The Malaspina is 

 the largest, being about 20 miles by 65 or 70. Many are 2 to 4 miles wide. Of 

 glaciers that flow out into the sea the author has seen twenty-eight, and knows of at 

 least three more, while several fiords in Prince William sound remain unexplored. 

 The southernmost is Leconte glacier in latitude 56" 50'. Three reach the sea in Taku 

 Inlet and nine in Glacier bay. Of the last named the largest is the Muir glacier, 

 which is twenty-five miles wide below the junction of the main tributaries, while the 

 area of its basin is scarcely less than 1,000 square miles. 



Glaciated surfaces testify to a grand continuous ice-sheet that not long ago fringed 

 this coast along all the island region as far south as the strait of Juan de Fuca. Traces 

 of former glaciation are also found farther north than the present limits, especially on 

 the fiords below mountain ranges. Muir in 1881 noted evidences of glaciation in 

 Plover bay on the Siberian coast. 



ScHRADER, F. C, AND SPENCER, A. C. Geology and Mineral Resources of a 

 Portion of the Copper River District, Alaska. House Doc. No. 546, 

 56th Cong., 2d Sess., 94 pages, 1901. 



The Pleistocene deposits, physiography, and glaciation are discussed on pp. 58- 

 82. There are heavy deposits of till and other glacial material in the Copper river 

 basin, and the rounded topography of a glaciated region at higher altitudes. The 

 deposits appear to have been formed by a glacier that had its source in the Wrangell 

 mountains and adjacent Alaska range. Streams have cut to a depth of several hun- 

 dred feet, and have not yet reached the level of the old rock floor. 



In Prince William sound the evidence of glaciation extends to the water's edge 

 along the mainland, for the shore is striated. Several of the islands also contain 

 glacial material brought from the mainland. It is thought probable that the topog- 

 raphy of the sound has been greatly affected by glacial erosion. 



THE CORDILLERAN REGION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Arnold, Ralph, The Pleistocene Geology of Southern California. Abstract 



Science, N. S., Vol. XV, pp. 415, 416. 



A summary statement of the marine Pleistocene of southern California with the 

 subdivisions of Pleistocene formations. 



Arnold, Delos, and Arnold, Ralph. 77^1? Marine Pliocene, and Pleisto- 

 cene Stratigraphy of the Coast of Southern California. Jour. Geol., Vol. 

 X, pp. 117-38, 1902, 



The faunas indicate a fluctuation of conditions along the California coast from 

 the beginning of Pliocene times. Southern or warm conditions prevailed in the early 

 Pliocene, northern or boreal in the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene, and warm con- 

 ditions again in the remaining or greater part of the Pleistocene. 



DiLLER, J. S. Glaciation of Mount Mazania. Professional Paper No. 3, U. 

 S. Geol. Survey, pp. 41-4, 1902. 



This paper, which discusses the geology of the Crater Lake National Park, con- 

 tains a brief discussion of the glaciation. Mount Mazama was a volcanic cone which 



