738 



FRANK A. WILDER 



Danube, and Aar contain small amounts of chlorides and large 

 percentages of sulphates of lime and magnesia. The Loire con- 

 tains in 100,000 parts 13.46 of solid matter, of which 35 per 

 cent, is calcium carbonate, while two-thirds of the soluble salts 

 are carbonate of soda. In nearly all rivers bicarbonate of soda 

 is present in large quantities. The solubility of calcium carbon- 

 ate in water which is in contact with the air at i6°C. is 0.0746 

 grains per liter, which is six times its solubility in pure unaerated 

 water. The CaCOg is for the most part present as the bicarbon- 

 ate Ca(HC03)3, only 3 per cent, of it existing as normal 

 carbonate.^ 



ANALYSES OF SALTS IN THE WATERS FROM AMERICAN RIVERS.' 

 (Parts per 1,000,000 of water.) 



The water of the river Jordan gives the following analysis: 3 



Sodium chloride (common salt) 

 Magnesium chloride 

 Calcium chloride 

 Calcium sulphate (gypsum) 

 Water . . . . 



- 0.35 

 0.03 

 0.07 

 0.04 



- 99.50 



The waters of the Dead Sea are the result of concentration 

 by evaporation of waters containing salt. Quoting Bishof:"* 



In spring when the streams are turbid with the particles of carbonate of 

 lime and clay, mere mechanical deposits take place, for at this period, when 



'Cameron and Bkiggs,, Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. V, No. 8, p. 548. 



= Bailey Willis, in Journal of Geology, Vol. I, p. 508. The waters of the 

 Mississippi and the Missouri were sampled in the autumn during low water, near their 

 junction. 



sBlSCHOF, Chemical and Physical Geology, Vol. I. ^ Loc. cit., p. 397. 



