LINNEAN TYPES OF PAL^SIARCTIC EHOPALOCERA. 185 



of tawny band on the iipperside. It obviously belongs to the Central-European 

 race, and this view is confirmed by the fact that Europe is the only locality 

 given, proving that Linnseus had never received any males from Africaf. 



We can thus come to the conclusion that the name janira should be used 

 to designate the European race of jurtiim, taking as typical of the former the 

 Central-European one. 



Epinephile tithonus [1771]. No specimen of Linnean origin of this 

 species, which was described in ' Mantissa Plantarum,' p. 537, from speci- 

 mens of a German race. 



[*Pararge dejaxira [1764]. A male of this species, over which Scopoli 

 has a right of priority, having described it in 17(33 under the name of 

 acJiine.l 



Pararge ^geria [1758]. Linnseus does not seem to have possessed this 

 species, for which he gives Southern Europe and Africa as habitat. 



Pararge megera [1767]. There seems to be some confusion in the 

 Linnean collection concerning these two species : a female specimen of 

 megera seems quite Linnean and bears a label on which " 17 peger.'" is 

 written in his handwriting ; another label in Smith's handwriting points 

 out the mistake, about which there can be no doubt, as the original descrip- 

 tions of the two species are quite clear. Austria and Dania are given as 

 localities for megera. 



Pararge maera [1758]. This species is not marked as having been 

 represented in Linngeus's collection, but four specimens are unmistakably of 

 Linnean origin. Furthermore, one of them, a female, bears a label with this 

 name in his own handwriting ; another, a male, bears the name jDhilipjyus 

 traced by the same hand, and is set so as to show the underside — the latter 

 name does not appear in any of Linnseus's works ; a third specimen is a 

 female exactly similar to the first, and the fourth is a male of the species 

 which Fabricius described later as hiera — these two examples have no label. 



The three maera just mentioned are quite typical of the very definitely 

 distinct race which flies in Scandinavia : small size ; no trace of tawny band in 

 the male, very rudimentary (if present at all) in the female ; underside of fore 

 wings entirely chocolate-brown with a small patch of deep mahogany-red, 

 that of hind wings abundantly suffused with dark shadings : on the whole, 

 this race looks much more similar to hiera than it does to other maera, and 



t Tliis was probably tlie principal cause which led him to describe them as a distinct 

 species. 



