400 PROF. E. B. POULTON ON BREEDING 



The fact that 2 lycia parents should 8 times have produced offspring which 

 were nothing but lycia strongly supports the view that this form is recessive. 

 It is unfortunate that there was only a single family with infuscata parents, 

 and that this one should have failed to afford evidence as to the dominance of 

 the latter form. 



Companies and Families with equality of infuscata and lycia. 



The frequency with which there is exact or approximate equality between 

 the two forms is striking. Omitting very small numbers, we notice con- 

 spicuous instances in Company 2, Families 3, 4, 6, 11, 13, & 20. It is to 

 be observed that Family 3 is the only one of these that is not all-female. 



The female parents of these groups, so far as they are known, are infuscata 

 3 times (Families 3, 6, & 11) and lycia twice (Families 4 & 13). 



The Proportion of the all-female Companies and Families and of 

 the Sexes in the mixed groups. 



The two series bred from Wild Larvse are omitted from these considerations 

 because of the uncertainty which naturally attaches to them, although it must 

 be remembered that there are good reasons for believing that the great 

 majority of each set belonged to a single all-female family. 



Three out of the 7 companies, and 16 out of the 21 families, are made up of 

 all-female offspring. On the other hand, there are almost precisely 50 per 

 cent, more males than females in the mixed sets. In 3 out of 4 companies 

 with mixed sexes, the males are more numerous ; in the 4th (the very small 

 Company 6) the numbers are equal (3 of each sex). The totals in these mixed 

 companies are 68 males and 45 females, and in the 5 mixed families 82 males 

 and 56 females. In this latter series there is also one exception, and a very 

 marked one, namely, Family 3 with 11 males and 24 females. The totals, in 

 all mixed companies and families, are 150 males and 101 females. 



Relationship betioeen the all-female and the mixed Families. 



It is important to notice that the male parents may produce very definite 

 hereditary effects upon their female offspring in the all-female families. Thus 

 the Mendelian relationship between the forms of parents and offspring appears 

 to be the same in all-female families as in those with mixed sexes. 



It is quite clear that the all-female families bear no special relation to one 

 of the local forms of Acrcea encedon rather than another. They may be all 

 infuscata or they may be all lycia, or approximately half infuscata and half 

 lycia. 



Considering the 19 all-female groups among the companies and families, 

 2 are all infuscata {fhe known parents of one being S ? infuscata), 7 are all 

 lycia (the known parents $ lycia twice, 6 $ lycia five times), and 10 are 

 mixed infuscata or commixta and lycia (the known parents 5 infuscata twice, 

 $ commixta once, and ? lycia four times). 



