NEW SPECIES OF EDWARDSIA FROM NEW GUINEA. 515 



class includes the orders Zoantharia, Carlgren (= Zoantliinaria^ van 

 Beneden), and Hexa'ctiniaria, van Beneden, the last-named comprising the 

 Actiniaria and Madreporaria. As it is the purpose of this paper to show 

 that the Edwardsidpe have not the character of six pairs of first-cycle 

 mesenteries indicated hj the names " Hexactiniaria '' and " Dodecacorallia," 

 I cannot accept either Carlgren's name for the subclass or van Beneden's 

 name for the order which is to include the Edwardsid^. I think that 

 van Beneden's name, Zoanthactiniaria, may well stand for the sub- 

 class named Dodecacorallia by Carlgren. This subclass, according to 

 my opinion, comprises three orders — the Edwardsiaria, the Zoanthinaria 

 (= Zoantharia, Carlgren), and the Dodecactiniaria, the last-named com- 

 prising the suborders Actiniaria and Madreporarin, or, as I have called them 

 in another place (4), and still prefer to call them, the Malacactinige and 

 Scleractinise. 



It is the object of the latter part of this paper to justify my opinion that 

 the Edwardsiaria form a group distinct from, and of equal rank with, the 

 Zoanthinaria and the Dodecactiniaria. 



I. Descrijytion of new Species, 



Subclass ZOANTHACTINIARIA, van Bened. 



Order Edwardsiaria, mihi. 



Family Edwardrid^, Andres. 



Genus Edwakdsia, de Quatrefages. 



Bdwardsia mammillata, n. sp. (Plate 51. fig. 1.) 



Body clearly divided into capitulum, scapus, and physa. Scapus about 

 four-fifths of the entire length of the animal, covered by a thick olive-o'reen 

 epidermis, transversely wrinkled, studded Avith eight longitudinal rows of 

 elevated semi-transparent tubercles of various sizes ; the largest tubercles 

 mammilliform and situated at about a quarter of the whole lenoth of the 

 scapus from the capitular end, thence diminishing in size towards the phvsa; 

 the tubercles intermesenterial in position. Capitulum when contracted 

 about one-twentieth the length of the scapus, colourless in spirit, its surface 

 divided into eight intermesenterial areas by shallow grooves corresponding 

 to the insertions of the macromesenteries ; its upper border thickened and 

 raised into ten more or less triangular elevations which, in a contracted 

 specimen, overhang the edge of the infolded oral disc and alternate wilh the 

 bases of the tentacles. Physa about as long as the ca{)itulum, acorn-shaped, 

 tapering posteriorly, colourless, transversely wrinkled, without epidermis or 

 tubercles, with a terminal depression resembling a terminal pore. Tentacles 

 ten in number, short, conical, in contraction infolded over the oral disc. 



41^ 



