318 



length, shorter than half the basipodite, broadened proximally, and with 

 acutely stretched apices. 



Distribution: Widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical 

 waters of the three oceans as well as in the Mediterranean Sea. It 

 penetrates far into the temperate latitudes: up to 42° N. in the Atlantic 

 Ocean and 52° N. in the Pacific Ocean. In the Southern Hemisphere it 

 rarely penetrates up to the Antarctic Convergence. It lives in a wide range 

 of depths (0-1,600 m); however, it is rarely found at depths greater than 

 500 m and occurs more often in the 50-500 m layer. There are references 

 to its diurnal vertical migrations (Brusca, 1967a; Thurston, 1976b). The 

 main reproduction period is probably in autumn, though females with 

 eggs are found throughout the year (Brusca, 1967b). 



SUPERFAMILY PHRONIMOIDEA DANA, 1852 



The antennae originate from the frontal part of the head, are short in 

 females and long and filiform in males. Chelae or subchelae may be 

 developed not only on pereopods I-II, but on other pairs also; pere- 

 opods V often have the strongest ornamentation. As an exception (family 

 Dairellidae), all the pereopods are simple. The telson is free. 



XI. Family HYPERIIDAE Dana, 1852 



The body is generally darkly pigmented. The head is large, spherical to a 

 variable extent, but always higher and longer than somite I of the pereon. 

 260 The eyes are generally very large, occupy most of the lateral surface of 

 the head, and dorsally touch each other; as an exception they are small 

 but still distinct and darkly pigmented (genus Bougisia). antennae I are 

 \^ ell developed; the flagellum has a large conical proximal segment, the 

 distal part in females is usually short and often not segmented, while in 

 sexually mature males it is multisegmented, long, and thin. Antennae II 

 are relatively short and reduced to a variable extent in females, but in 

 males generally have a thin multisegmented flagellum and are barely 

 shorter than antennae I. The mandibles, with some exceptions, have a 

 three-segmented palp, that may be absent in females, and always have a 

 developed (sometimes strongly) dentate process. Maxillae I have a one- 

 segmented flat palp while maxillae II are bilobate. The maxillipeds have 

 narrow outer lobes and are reduced to a variable extent. 



The pereon somites are free or somites I-V may be fused. The coxal 

 plates are free or fused with the pereon. Pereopods I and II are simple, 

 with a subchela or chela, and always with a broadened 5th segment. 

 Pereopods V are simple or have a poorly developed subchela formed by 

 the short claw and the 6th segment. The gills are located on somites II-VI 

 and the oostegites on somites II-V of the pereon. The uropods have free 



