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on in the transformation of areas now water surfaced to land, 

 particularly of the important part played in the process by 

 swamps and bogs. 



A History of Gardening in England, by Hon. Mrs. Evelyn 

 Cecil (third and enlarged edition. Pp. 393. Illustrated. E. P. 

 Dutton & Co., New York, 1910) which first appeared in 1896 is, 

 as its title states, a history of gardening in England. The 

 chronological bibliography itself, is, with its quaint titles, 

 fascinatingly suggestive, and there is enjoyment and to spare, 

 both for the long summer days and the winter fireside, in the 

 four hundred pages describing monastic gardening and the 

 gardens of the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries, the early 

 garden literature, the kitchen gardens, the dawn of landscape 

 gardening, and the development of modern gardening. 



The January Science contains two articles of interest to 

 teachers of botany. The first on "The Method of Science" was 

 delivered by Professor Charles S. Minot at the Minneapolis 

 meeting (A. A. A. S., December), and is of interest to any science 

 teacher, emphasizing as it does (i) the "concentration of interest 

 upon novel practical results" not wholly favorable to science, 

 (2) the need of encouraging the "pursuit of pure science" which 

 "will not be compelled," and (3) that science differs from every 

 day life in definiteness and the importance given therefore to the 

 preservation of evidence. The steps in valid scientific work are 

 ^' first, the record of the individual personal knowledge; second, 

 the conversion of the personal knowledge by verification and 

 collation into valid impersonal knowledge; third, the systematic 

 coordination and condensation of the conclusions," and an in- 

 teresting amplification of these points follows. 



The Clarendon Press has just issued a small volume {Vocabu- 

 laire Forstier. Francais-AUemand-Anglais by J. Gerschel, Oxford, 

 191 1. Price 1 1. 75) which well covers its field of activity. About 

 fifty pages are devoted to definitions of French forestry words, 

 seventy-eight to German words, and sixty-two to English words. 

 This difference in the number of words used by the three peoples 

 furnishes a significant suggestion as to the relative importance 

 among them of forestry. 



