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covered mountains, and glaciers are found. The flora would 

 probably be much richer if the soil were not so poor and the 

 water supply so limited. In the northern part there is a large 

 fresh-water lake, Lake Hazen. 



In the accounts of the flora of Greenland and Ellesmere 

 Land we seldom find any references to the altitude at which the 

 plants grow. Simmons, in his flora of the latter, accounts for 

 this. The occurrence of higher vegetation depends wholly 

 upon soil and moisture. He says : "even at heigths of a thousand 

 feet or more, there would be a flourishing vegetation, if only the 

 other conditions were favorable. In few places have I seen 

 such tall grasses as in the plateau of the peninsula between 

 Goose Fjord and Walrus Fjord, at a height of more than i,ooo 

 feet, and often, when after climbing a steep slope of some hundred 

 or a thousand feet, which was very bare except for mosses and 

 lichens, one arrived at a ledge or plateau, one would find a vege- 

 tation, which was not any poorer than that near the sea." 



West of Ellesmere Land there is another large island, Heiberg 

 Land, perhaps half as large. The flora of this is probably the 

 same as that of Ellesmere Land. This island is practically 

 unknown and no collection of botanical specimens has been 

 made there. 



The Labrador coast is very rocky and barren. The inland 

 highland is practically unknown. All botanical collections 

 made in Labrador have been made on the coast, but as Labrador 

 belongs to the subarctic instead of the arctic regions I shall not 

 characterize its flora here. I may only mention that Dr. Goodsell 

 collected here an undescribed plant, of the parsnip family. 

 This was submitted to Dr. J. N. Rose of the United States 

 National Museum, who has furnished a description of it. It 

 belongs to the genus Conioselinum. 



Greenland has only one plant that forms a tree, Betula odorata 

 tortuosa, of which one specimen has been found with a trunk 

 10 inches in diameter and 12 feet high. It is found as a small 

 tree only at latitude 61° and south thereof, at about the same 

 latitude as Upsala in Sweden, where there are forests of oaks, 

 basswood, and choke cherry. The pine and spruce forests 



