230 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. { November, 1905. 
30. Some remarks on the Geology of the Gangetic Plain.—By 
a. ‘y. [With one plate. | 
. 
t requires no argument to prove that the present gangetic 
luyial deposit of the river Ganges, and that the 
vinces of Agra and Oudh, so far from the Ganges being at pre- 
sent engaged in raising its flood plain, it has become an agent of 
denudation, and has, long since, entered on the work of denuding 
the whole of its plain which lies above flood-level. 
e taken as proved that this great change has been 
occasioned by the submergence of the area at the mouth of the 
eriod at which this important movement took place 
must have been ve emote. eee 
The river has eroded a bed in the old alluvium which is in 
many places several miles in width. : 
ithin the limits of the former bed there is a considerable 
amount of later alluvium, but it varies very much from the older 
alluvium in its characteristics, and, in most places, there 18 a very 
h 
been flooded during the memory of man. This is probably due to 
deposit of sand and light soil by the action of the wind durmg 
the hot weather. 
In the recent alluvium the substratum is nearly always pure 
river sand, the finer soils being deposited in shallow water where 
the current is usually less. 2 
Another difference is that the recent alluvium never contaims 
nodular limestone (kunkar), which occurs in most places in the 
posits. 
the Ganges has excavated its bed in the old alluvium may 
styled the “ Khadir,” : 
Having had o Pr Ce nee to +n the Ghazipur 
rt Vi VeVi yalives 
