GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 419 



Locality and geologic occurrence. — Mexico, hill one mile east of 

 San Jose de las Rusias ranch, State of Tamaulipas, collected by W. F, 

 Cummins and J. M. Sands, in the Oligocene formation to which 

 Mr. E. T. Dumble * applied the name "San Fernando beds," later 

 changed to San Rafael beds. Antiguastrea cellulosa (Duncan) 

 Vaughan was also collected at this locality. 



Type.— No. 325005, U.S.N.M., presented by Mr. E. T. Durable. 



This species groups with the living West Indian Maeandra labyrintlii- 

 formis (Linnaeus), the genotype, which has far more crowded septa, 

 and with M. bowersi Vaughan, from Carrizo Creek, California, which 

 has wider intercorallite areas, deeper valleys, and fewer long septa 

 to the centimeter. 



MAEANDRA AREOLATA (Linnaeus). 



1758. Madrepora areolata Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 795. 



1901. Manicina areolata Vaughan, U. S. Fish Com. Bull, for 1900, vol. 2, p. 305, 



pi. 4, figs. 2, 3. 



1902. Maeandra areolata Verrill, Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci. Trans., vol. 11, p. 



81, pi. 11, figs. 1, 2; pi. 12, figs, 1, 2, 3. 



1915. Maeandra areolata Vaughan, Washington Acad. Sci. Journ., vol. 5, p. 596. 



1916. Maeandra areolata Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook No. 14, 



pp. 225, 227. 



Common in the Pleistocene marl of Mount Hope near Colon, 

 Canal Zone. 



Locality and geologic occurrence. — Canal Zone, stations 5850 and 

 6039, Mount Hope, collected by D. F. MacDonald. 



This species is a common fossil in the Pleistocene coralliferous 

 deposits and in areas of living reefs in the Caribbean region and 

 Florida. M. areolata is not a true reef coral. It thrives best on 

 the flats behind the reefs or in water 10 to 12 fathoms deep off 

 the reefs proper. As it has no firm basal attachment, it can not 

 resist the impact of the waves of rough seas. 



MAEANDRA CLIVOSA (Ellis and Solander). 



1786. Madrepora clivosa Ellis and Solander, Nat. Hist. Zooph., p. 163. 



1901. Platygyra clivosa Vaughan, Geolog. Reichs. Mus. Leiden Samml., ser. 2, 



vol. 2, p. 57. (With synonymy.) 



1902. Maeandra clivosa Verrill, Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci. Trans., vol. 11, p. 78. 

 1902. Maeandra agassizi Verrill, Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci. Trans., vol. 11, p. 80, 



pi. 14, figs. 1, la. 



1915. Maeandra clivosa Vaughan, Washington Acad. Sci. Journ., vol. 5, pp. 



596, 597. 



1916. Maeandra clivosa Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook No. 14, 



p. 227. 



Locality and geologic occurrence. — Costa Rica, station 6251, Monkey 

 Point, in a slightly elevated Pleistocene reef, collected by D. F. Mac- 



1 Dumble, E. T., Some events in the Eogene history of the present coastal area of the Gulf of Mexico 

 in Texas and Mexico, Joum. Geol., vol. 23, pp. 481, 498, 1915 (see pp. 495-496); Tertiary deposits of north- 

 eastern Mexico, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc, vol. 5, pp. 163-193, pis. 16-19, Dec, 1915 (see pp. 189-190). 



