60 ME. C. W. ANDREWS ON THE SKULL AND 



line or whether they are separated by the facial process of the premaxillae, the 

 junction with which is quite indistinguishable. It appears very probable that the 

 premaxillas ran in between the nasals and formed at least the upper portion of the 

 high arch of the culmen between the nostrils, while the upper borders of those 

 openings are formed by processes of the nasals ; these bones also send processes 

 downward and forward, forming the posterior border of the nares, and meeting the 

 maxilla below as already mentioned. The angle between the anterior and inferior 

 processes is rounded and has a thickened edge. The form and relations of the nasal 

 are best seen on the left side of the specimen. 



Immediately within the anterior border of the antorbital fossa, and united with the 

 inner face of the downward process of the nasal, is the base of a broad band of bone (eth.), 

 which runs vertically clown the middle of the fossa parallel to the downward process 

 of the lachrymal. The upper end of this band of bone widens out into a fan-shaped 

 expansion, the upper edge of which is slightly overlapped by the anterior margin of 

 the lachrymal. The lower end, also somewhat expanded, is cancellous, and unites 

 with the upturned inner edges of the maxillo-palatine plates, with which the anterior 

 ends of the palatines are in distinguish ably fused. The narrowest point of this bar of 

 bone is about its middle, below which it bears a backwardly-directed triangular 

 process. A similar and similarly-situated bar in the ethmoidal region occurs in 

 Cariama and also in some Accipitrine birds : e. (/., in a modified form, in Serpeniarius. 



The jugal arch is oval in section posteriorly, but in front it is compressed so as to 

 form a broad, thin, vertical bar of bone. On the inner side of its posterior end 

 there is a rounded knob which fits into a corresponding pit on the outer surface of the 

 quadrate. Its anterior end seems to overlap the posterior prolongation of the maxilla. 

 The downward process of the lachrymal articulates with the upper edge of the jugal 

 close to its anterior end. 



The form and relations of the maxilla to the surrounding bones are very difficult to 

 make out. As just mentioned, its posterior extremity seems to be overlapped by the 

 jugal, and in front of this it no doubt formed the edge of the beak for some distance. 

 On its inner side it widens out suddenly, the expanded portion being directed 

 downward and inward, and forming the large maxillo-palatine plate, with which the 

 anterior end of the palatine unites completely. The maxillo-palatine plates have a 

 thickened hinder border and are highly convex from side to side, and their upturned 

 inner margins unite with the downwardly-directed bar of the ethmoid. The posterior 

 border of each maxillo-palatine plate forms a continuous curve with the lower edge of 

 the jugal arch. On either side of the middle line of the palate they form a long ridge 

 which projects considerably below the tomium ; the fused anterior ends of the palatines 

 must also take part in the formation of this ridge. In the middle line they unite 

 for a space of about 3'5 cm., in front of which they are separated by a narrow cleft 

 2 - 5 cm. long; how far they extend in front of this cannot be determined, nor is it 



