106 DR. S. F. HAEMER ON CEEVUS BELGRANDI FROM 



recently defined several forms of the latter species, which are accepted with certain 

 modifications by Lydekker '. Taking the nomenclature of the latter, we have 



1. Cervus giganteus carnutorum Laug., of which C. verticornis is regarded as a synonym. 



C. verticornis occurs typically in the Forest-Bed (early Pleistocene), and C. carnutorum in 

 beds of equivalent age in France. Boyd Dawkins records the occurrence of one specimen 

 of C. verticornis in the Pliocene (Red Crag). 



2. C. giganteus belgrandi Lart., from the Mid-Pleistocene of France and Germany. 



3. C. giganteus italics Pohl., from similar and later deposits of Italy, Hungary, &c. 



4. C. giganteus ruffi Nehr. (=C. euryceros germanite Pohl.), the typical German race, found 



also in other parts of the Continent and in England, contemporaneously with the Cave-Bear, 

 although first recorded from the Mid-Pleistocene. 



5. C. giganteus typicus Lyd. (= C. euryceros hibernim Pohl.), the Irish Deer, the most recent form. 



The conclusion that C. verticornis is a synonym of C. carnutorum appears to me in 

 the highest degree doubtful. The latter, found at Saint-Prest, near Chartres, was 

 described by Laugel 2 from some upper molars, some portions of the antlers, a metatarsal, 

 and a lumbar vertebra, which were all believed to belong to one species, comparable in 

 point of size with the Irish Deer. Laugel does not figure the antlers, but he calls 

 attention to the fact that their bases are remarkably approximated. The crown was 

 probably palmated, and is believed to have borne about five curved snags, the longest 

 of which measured 26 cm. These characters are quite sufficient to show the difference 

 between Laugel' s species and C. verticornis, even without the illustrated account of the 

 Saint-Prest fossils which has been given by Gervais 3 . From this memoir it appears that 

 the vertex of the skull of C. carnutorum is much raised, so as to resemble that of the 

 " Antilope Bubale " ; this being an important difference between it and the Forest-Bed 

 Stag. The antlers are closely approximated at their bases (cf. pi. xvi. fig. 4 of Gervais) 

 and diverge from one another at an acute angle. An equally striking feature of this 

 species is that, when looked at from in front, the brow-tine appears to originate from 

 the outer outline of the beam, while that of C. belgrandi, viewed from the same 

 aspect, appears to spring from the inner outline. 



Professor Boyd Dawkins and Mr. E. T. Newton 4 have, however, referred several 

 fragments from the Norwich Crag, and possibly from the Forest-Bed, to C. carnutorum. 

 I am not prepared to express any opinion with regard to these specimens. 



I am indebted to Professor Boyd Dawkins for a letter in which he informs me that 

 he is inclined to regard his Cervus verticornis (1872) as identical with C. belgrandi 

 (Lartet) Belgrand (1869), and for the further information that the type-specimens of 

 the latter are no longer in existence. C. belgrandi was described in Belgrand's work 



1 T. cit. pp. 134-141. - Bull. Soc. Geol. France, (2) xix. 1862, p. 711. 



3 " Zool. et Paleont. Generales. — Nouv. Recherches sur les V"ertebres Vivants et Fossiles," l e ser. 1867-1869, 

 p. 84, pi. xvi. figs. 3-8. 



1 For references, see E. T. Newton, " The Vertebrata of the Pliocene Deposits of Britain," Mem. Geol. 

 Survey, 1891, p. 26. 



