PHYLOGENY OF THE PAL^OGNATH^E AND NEOGNATHCE. 151 



a. Pterylosis of the Adult. 1 



Casuariid^e. 



Casuarius casuarius Linn. 



Apteria : — 



A. spinale. — This was wanting. 



A. mesogastrcei. — This includes the characteristic and well-marked sternal callosity, 



and extends backwards to within a short distance of the cloacal aperture. It is 



widest on the abdomen. 

 A. trunci laterale. — Represented by the naked under surface of the wing and a 



small truncal area at its base. 



The head and more or less of the neck are, in the adults of this and other 

 species of the genus, bare, and brilliantly coloured. The extent and nature of this 

 coloration have already been dealt with by the Hon. Walter Rothschild in the first 

 part of this Memoir. 



Pterylce : — 



P. alaris (PI. XLV. fig. 10). — It is possible to distinguish in this both remiges and 



coverts as in Neognathce. The former are represented by the characteristic 



elongated porcupine-like quills. These are six in number and distributed 



as follows: — mid-digital (1) and metacarpals (2) representing the primaries, and 



cubitals or secondaries (3). 



The cubital series, at first sight, appears not to extend backwards to the elbow as 



in Neognathce, the last of the spine-like remiges being attached not farther down 



the ulna than its proximal fourth. Beyond this, however, are three moderately long 



feathers occupying the position of remiges, but bearing each an aftershaft. Similarly 



at the distal end of the series, we have, in front of the mid-di gital, a feather occupying 



che position of a remex — possibly representing the addigital — but small and bearing 



an aftershaft. This, like the three cubitals. appears to have a major covert, as also 



have the other spine-like remiges. The mid-digital is very small ; the other remiges 



are of considerable length. The longest of these are the 1st metacarpal and the 1st 



cubital. 



The remiges are remarkable in that they are open at the free end (see page 166). 

 They are cylindrical, of irregular thickness and more or less crooked. 



The tectrices are not distinguishable from the rest of the body-feathering. All bear 

 aftershafts. Coverts representing the tectrices majores of the Neognathce are certainly 



1 As " adult " we have included nearly full-grown as well as full-grown specimens, i. e. those which have not 

 yet attained the characteristic adult livery. 



z2 



