PHYLOGENY OF THE PAL^OGNATH^ AND NEOGNATH^. 



243 



great size, in Struthio and Casttarius being rightly described as enormous. The femoro- 

 caudal, on the other hand, is relatively but feebly developed or absent. 

 Rhea and Drommis both agree in having lost the femoro-caudal. 



Fig. 6. 



Left side view of a dissection of the thigh-muscles of Casuarius unappendiculatus, to show the accessory 

 Struthious adductor, the femoro-caudal, and accessory semitendinosus muscles. The accessory adductor, 

 ferooro- and accessory femoro-caudal = the caud-ischio-ilio-femoralis of Gadow. 



Ace.ad. = accessory Struthious adductor. 

 6. = biceps. 

 f.e. = femoro-caudal. 

 acc.f.c. = accessory femoro-caudal. 



s.t. = semitendinosus. 

 ace.st. = accessory semitendinosus. 

 ad.l. = adductor longus. 

 cr. = crureus. 

 gl.med. = gluteus medius. 



gl.min. = gluteus minor. 

 gl.mx.ant. = „ maximus anterior. 

 gl.mx.post. = „ posterior. 

 gl.ant. = ,, anterior. 

 Sar. = sartorius. 

 smb. = semimembranosus. 

 ect.e. = ectocnemial crest. 

 ad.l. = adductor longus. 

 p.b. = pubis. 



The femoro-caudal muscles of Apteryx are peculiar and are differently determined 

 by Garrod and Beddard. Garrod's view is adopted in the present contribution, after 

 independent dissections. Garrod [30] says : — " The accessory femoro-caudal is peculiar ; 



