PHYLOGENF OF THE PAE/EOGNATILE AND NEOGNATHiE. 289 



Fig. 3. A neossoptile of Bhea americana (p. 164) : neither the main nor the aftershaft 

 have a distinct rhachis. The main shaft is represented by three stiffened 

 rami, produced into filaments as in Tinamous and Ostrich, the aftershaft by 

 numerous slender rami. 



Fig. 3 a. A portion of a radius from fig. 3 (p. 164). Note the absence of fila. 



Fig. 4. A neossoptile of Dronueus novce-liollandice (p. 162). The aftershaft is barely 

 distinguishable ; the main shaft well developed : compare with figs. 3-7. 



Fig. 4 a. A portion of a radius of fig. 4. Fila are yet represented but are small. 



Fig. 5. A portion of a radius of Casuarius casuarius, showing the still further 

 suppression of the fila. 



Fig. 6. A neossoptile of Ayteryx mantelli (p. 163). There is no aftershaft. 



Fig. 6 a. A portion of a radius of fig. 6. Note that fila are numerous and large, 

 indicating a less degenerate condition than figs. 4 a and 5. 



Fig. 7. A neossoptile of Struthio camelus, showing the three peculiarly modified 

 rami described on p. 164, and representing the main shaft, and the numerous 

 downy rami representing the aftershaft. 



Fig. 7 a. A portion of a radius of fig. 7. These are flattened as in Crypturi (fig. 2). 

 Note the " eye-spots." 



Fig. 8. Dissection of the air-sacs of the left side of a Casuarius unappendiculatus 

 (p. 252), showing the three divisions of the anterior intermediate sacs and the 

 positions of the ostia throughout. Note the position of the anterior end of 

 the posterior abdominal air-sac — forcing down the roof of the posterior inter- 

 mediate. The posterior abdominal, furthermore, is seen to take the form of 

 a- more or less sausage-shaped sac adherent to the inner wall of the posterior 

 intermediate. It encloses a part of the kidney. 



Fig. 9. Dissection of the left lung of Casuarius unappendiculatus (p. 252), to show 

 the costo-pulmonary muscle, meso-, ecto-, and ento-bronchia and their 

 ramifications. Note that the ento-bronchia 1 and 3 between them supply all 

 the tubulse of the ventral surface of the lung described on p. 252. The 

 systems fed by ento-bronchium 1 have been exposed by dissection, those fed by 

 ento-bronchium 2 lie caudad of these and are concealed by the aponeurosis. 



Fig. 10. Ventral aspect of a dissection of the wing of an adult Casuarius casuarius, 

 to show the hypertrophied calami described on p. 165. 



Fig. 11. Dorsal aspect of a preparation of the wing of an Ostrich. After 

 Wray. 



Fig. 12. Dorsal aspect of a portion of the wing of Rhea americana (p. 156), to show 

 the remarkable distribution of the coverts in transversely oblique bundles. 



Fi°\ 13. Ventral aspect of the wing of Aj)teryx mantelli (p. 161), to show the number 

 of remigesand their remarkable resemblance to the young Cassowary described 

 on p. 165. 

 vol. xv. — part v. No. 24. — December, 1900. 2 s 



