105 



Remarks. — By most authors, this form has been recorded under the spe- 

 cific name albifrons, proposed by Leach; hut as there cannot he any doubt that 

 the Oniscus marinus of 0. Fahricius is this species, the latter specific name, as 

 the older one, ought to he preferred to that of Leach. Four more synonyms are 

 quoted ahove. The Iaera Nordmanni Rathke, of which I have had specimens for 

 examination from the Caspian Sea, is a very nearly-allied species, hut is distinguished 

 pretty well hy the dense and regular garniture of spiniform bristles, and by the 

 still more poorly developed uropoda, the rami of which look merely like small 

 setiferous noduli. It seems to me somewhat doubtful whether the form figured 

 by Sp. Bate and Westwood under this name, is the true Rathkian species, or 

 perhaps more properly the male of I. marina. 



Occurrence. — This species occurs along the whole coast of Norway, from 

 the Christiania Fjord to Vadso, in quite shallow depths. At low water, it is often 

 found in great numbers beneath stones on the beach, and sometimes at a consider- 

 able height above the level of the sea, together with Ligia oceanica and other 

 terrestrial Isopoda. Its flat body makes it admirably well adapted to cling to 

 the stones of the beach, and to conceal itself in their crevices. 



Distribution. — British Isles (Sp. Bate), Kattegat (Meinert), Dutch coast 

 (Hoek), coast of France (Bonnier), Greenland (Hansen), Atlantic coast of North 

 America (Harger). 



Fam. 3. Munnidse. 



Characters. — Body generally short and stout, with the 3 posterior segments 

 of mesosome, as a rule, sharply marked off from the 4 anterior, and much smaller. 

 Caudal segment more or less vaulted above, sub-pyriform. Eyes, when present, 

 placed on the tips of lateral, peduncle-like projections of the head. Superior an- 

 tennae placed widely apart, and more or less developed, with the flagellum gene- 

 rally multiarticulate. Inferior antennas issuing immediately beneath the superior, 

 and without any outer appendage. Oral parts normal. 1st pair of legs much 

 shorter than the others, prehensile; the succeeding pairs more or less rapidly in- 

 creasing in length, simple, ambulatory. Uropoda generally small, somewhat re- 

 moved from the tip of the caudal segment, being sometimes subdorsal. Male 

 much smaller than female. 



11 — Crustacea. 



