CONTENTS 



Page 



I PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 5 



1. Physical Oceanography 6 



2. Chemical Oceanography 19 



3. Geology 32 



4. Sedimentology 42 



5. Beaches and Beach Erosion 53 



6. Dredging and Filling 67 



II BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 79 



1. Benthic Flora and Fauna 80 



2. Fish and Fisheries 98 



3. Phytoplankton 124 



4. Zooplankton 131 



5. Algae ' 136 



6. Mangroves 141 



7. Salt Marsh , 144 



8. Sea Grasses 147 



9. Sponges 152 



10. Hydrozoans 155 



11. Bryozoans 158 



12. Lamp Shells 160 



13. Mollusks 162 



a. Oysters 174 



b. Cephalopods 178 



14. Worms 181 



a. Nemerteans 181 



b. Nematodes 183 



c. Phoronids 185 



d. Polychaetes 186 



e. Oligochaetes 194 



f. Sipunculids 196 



15. Sea Spiders (Pycnogonida) ., 197 



16. Crustaceans 198 



a. Ostracods 206 



b. Barnacles 208 



c. Mantis Shrimp 210 



d. Cumaceans 213 



