Figure 9. A surviving live oak motte near Permian Tank 

 road, Padre Island National Seashore. Upper photo 

 (1970) shows a deflation plain left by a barren, 

 migrating dune field; plant colonization was 

 inhibited by cattle grazing. Bottom photo taken 

 November 1972, shows condition 2 years after 

 removal of cattle. 



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