34 THE entomologist's record. 



on all fours with A. auf<tralisi is HdiophobKs liisjiidus. The geographical 

 distribution is not dissimilar to that of A. ai(stralis, and I believe its 

 life-history is identical as regards passing the summer as a pupa. 



Lithnua eaniola emerges rather later in the year than most of our 

 other Lithosias : I do not know whether it pupates earlier. It has a 

 very southern distribution, not so much so as A. amtralh, as it 

 approaches central Europe in its French distribution, but it does not 

 occur in Germany, north of the Alps, and no doubt requires with us 

 to make some progress during the winter, if not throughout its range. 



Our three south coast Leucanias may be taken as giving a transi- 

 tion from these very southern types to the larger number of central 

 European species that are confined to the south coast. Tjcncania 

 ])i(tresr('n:< appears to be a truly coast insect, and its English and 

 French stations show that mild winters are essential to it. It, as well 

 as L. rittilina and L. albipuncta, emerges later in the year than our 

 inland Leucanias, possibly implying a longer stay in the pupal 

 state. L. jiiitrcm'ns is controlled by the 42deg. F., winter isotherm; 

 L. vitdlina penetrates into colder Continental regions ; whilst L. 

 albijnoicta, though requiring the winter for feeding in England, ex- 

 tends on the Continent to regions where this would be impossible, but 

 is still a more southern insect than many species that do not in England 

 get north of the south coast. 



Though it is only in species like A. aiistralis and H. Jii.'^pidHx, that, 

 as it were, throw away the summer, that very southern species can 

 maintain themselves with us, yet there is a large group of species that 

 live in central Europe, where they have a much warmer summer than 

 ours, during which they live much more rapidly than they can do with 

 us, and which, therefore, can only live with us by making some progress 

 in winter. These species, as regards habits, all, I think, pass the 

 winter as larvae, and the case of A. ain^tralis proves that larvae 

 can progress during the winter on the south coast. These species 

 broadly, have the northern limit of their range about, or very little 

 beyond, the mean isotherm of our south coast. I may note here, 

 perhaps, as conveniently as anywhere that, of the species that appear 

 to have climate as the chief or only factor governing their distribu- 

 tion, those that are confined to the south coast all pass the winter as 

 larvie, whilst those that pass the winter as pupa? have an inland distribu- 

 tion, the warmer inland summer being eftective, the colder winter 

 inoperative. These latter species approach the line of the summer 

 isotherm to a greater extent as the northern limit of their distribution, 

 but I have not studied them in detail. 



{To he continued.) 



Aberrations of Anthrocera filipendulae. 



Ry W. H. HARWOOD. 

 The locality where I obtain my pink and orange forms of Anihm- 

 vera jih'jmuhdar is in north-east Essex, and within a few miles of 

 Colchester. I was acquainted with it when I was a schoolboy, and 

 the species was then fairly common, but I never saw or heard of any 

 aberrations at that time. After a while its headquarters were utilised for 

 building and gardening purposes, and, as no more specimens could be 

 found, we considered for many years that the colony had entirely 



