36 THE entomologist's record. 



Leu-kung-tao, Lut in the following- notes I have confined myself to those 

 which occur in Britain, or are related to British forms, since these are 

 of most interest to readers at home : — 



Fapilio vinr/iann. — Common in May and August, especially on the 

 hill-tops. Here the vernal and a?3tival broods are quite distinct. 

 Individuals of the former are typical, and indistinguishable from 

 European examples; but the August specimens are much larger and 

 darker, and seem intermediate between the type and the Japanese form 

 hipj)ocrat<'>i, Fold. Cclias hyale. — The form found here seems to be the 

 var. i)nliorpaj)lni!<, Grum., which is almost identical Avith the English 

 type, but of a darker shade of yellow. There is a rather scarce aberra- 

 tion of the female in which the yellow is replaced by white. The species 

 is common from August to October. Piena rapae is not common. 

 The Wei-hai-wei specimens agree best with var. oricntalh, Oberth. 

 Pieris daplidicc. — This is our commonest "white" throughout the 

 summer. There seem to be two emergences, one in May and the other 

 in August, but the species is to be found all through the warm season. 

 The local form falls under var. oriental^, Brem., but seems scarcely dis- 

 tinguishable from European examples. ('(Hnuniipiiplia sp. f^ anian/lUs j. 

 — Our little English (_'. jiaiiiphiliis i^ forcibly recalled by this, its far 

 eastern representative, Avhich is, however, larger and more gaily 

 marked. There are two broods, in June and August, in which months 

 it is common in grassy places. Pyramch cardul is exceedingly common 

 at Wei-hai-wei, I might almost say all the year round. Freshly- 

 emerged examples are to be found in July, whence they occur far into 

 the autumn; and worn specimens, looking suspiciously as though 

 they had hibernated, are common in April and May. P. canliii is also 

 common throughout Korea and Japan. — P. atalanta var. indira, 

 Herbst. — This, the Yanvxm callirrluw of Fabricius, differs from 

 European P. atalanta principally in that the scarlet fascia across the 

 forewings is broader and more irregular. It seems scarce at "Wei-hai- 

 wei, where I have only observed one specimen (June 18th, 1898) ; but 

 it is generally common in Japan, where I have taken it at Nagasaki, 

 Yokohama, and Hakodate, and occurs as far south as Hongkong, 

 though I have never myself seen it there. Poli/nunia (Grapta) sp. — 

 A species, which at once by its tawny indented wings recalls the 

 European P. c-alhnm, occurs here in May, and probably in the autumn 

 also. I cannot identify it with certainty, but I believe it to be /'. 

 c-aureitm, L. An/i/iuiin adippe occurs in abundance from June to 

 September in splendid great forms almost unknown to the British 

 collector. This is indeed a grand butterfly. I know few finer sights 

 in nature than to see a dozen of these insects round a clump of thistles, 

 and to watch them sail from flower to flower, noAV exhibiting their 

 tawny velvet markings and now flashing their silver lustre in the sun- 

 shine. The specimens vary a good deal inter sc, but seem to be mostly 

 referable to var. 7ierippe, Feld.; some of the females are very dark — 

 indeed, they look quite black on the wing. Tlicda, sp.— I have met 

 with two different Theclid species on Leu-kung-tao, but only one 

 appeals to British collectors by its similarity to a British form. This 

 species, which I took on July 20th flying on a bare hill-top in the 

 teeth of a stift' breeze, reminds one at once of Zcjilii/rus betulac $ , but 

 it has much longer " tails " and the markings of the lower surface are 

 rather different, ('/iri/sdjdianiis pidaeas is almost as common here as 



