OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENUS CATOCALA. 41 



black streak on each lobe. The whole is traversed with fine black 

 lines. The ground-colour of the body is greenish-grey, the whole being 

 beautifully mottled with white and grey, particularly the horseshoe 

 mark on the first abdominal, which is now very large. Each segment 

 has traces of similar marks, but in all except the second abdominal, 

 which has a patch of white on each side, the ends of the horseshoe 

 mark, they are only slightly lighter than the ground-colour. The 

 hump on the fifth abdominal is of the same colour as the rest of the 

 body, there being just a trace of the smoky colour immediately behind 

 it. The tubercles on the thoracic segments are small and pink, the 

 anterior dorsals on the abdominal segments are small and pink like the 

 thoracic, the posterior are much larger and redder, those on the eighth 

 being very large and forming a ridge, the posteriors on the ninth also 

 incline this way but are much smaller, the laterals are small and pink. 

 All are very prominent, and stand out like warts from the skin. The 

 spiracles are jet black, and are well developed on the first thoracic and 

 abdominal segments. The legs are grey, tipped with black at the joints, 

 the prolegs also grey. The lateral fringe is pink and Avell-developed. 

 Beneath, the larva is bluish-white, with a round crimson spot on each 

 segment, the segments bearing prolegs having them larger than the 

 rest. Two larvre, when full-fed, I put in a bag of tissue paper, and 

 they immediately closed all apertures with silk and changed to pupae 

 measuring just under an inch. The pupa is identical with the others, 

 but is, perhaps, somewhat slighter in build. 



The imago measures about two inches in expanse. The head and 

 forewings are smoky yellow-grey, much suft'used with white and with 

 numerous black zigzag transverse bands. Thehindwings are crimson, 

 the marginal band very broad, tapering to the anal angle with a deep 

 indentation just above the latter. The inner band is very narrow, and 

 ends abruptly in the wing area. It is somewhat wavy. Beneath, C. 

 ixroiniam is very characteristic; the two outer bands of the upper wings 

 are regular and not angled as in the ('. nupta group, and in the latter 

 respect they resemble C. concnin-bem. The outer band does not touch 

 the hind margin as in the former, but meets the anal angle as in the 

 latter. On the hind wings, however, it resemble ('. sponm, the inner 

 margin of the outer band being more irregular. The half-moon spot 

 is also developed. 



C. fraxini. — Ova round, flattened beneath and on the micropylar 

 area, rather small in comparison with the perfect insect, it measures 

 about •04:in.--042.5in. The vertical ribs rather indistinct, varying from 

 28 to 30, the lateral ribs rather far apart, only a portion of the vertical 

 ribs reach the micropyle. The micropyle itself is composed of several 

 rings of cells, the inner ones being small and round, the outer larger 

 and of no particular shape. The colour is red-brown or chocolate- 

 brown with a yellow ring, the micropyle pink. 



The young larva is very long and slender, the head pale yellow, the 

 body of the same tint, with several dark grey transverse rings on the 

 third, fourth, fifth, and sixth abdominals, legs yellow. The prolegs 

 are fully developed on the fifth, sixth, and last abdominals only ; there 

 is no trace of the hump on the fifth abdominal ; the tubercles are small 

 and black. The larva in the second instar has the ground colour pale 

 greenish-grey, with narrow wavy longitudinal grey lines. The head 

 and legs grey. The prolegs on the third and fourth abdominals are 



