MIGRATION AND DISPERSAL OF INSECTS : OBTHOPTERA. 43 



itself over the whole base of the wing. The fringe is white, and this 

 colour has encroached somewhat on the outer margin of the outer band. 

 Beneath, the ground-colour of C. fra.rini is almost pure white. The 

 bands are similar to the (J. roncnnibcns type on the forewings, the 

 outer band not being angled, and reaching the inner margin at the 

 anal angle ; the white band between the outer and central bands is, 

 however, much broader than in (,'. roncninhi'm, and the central black 

 band slopes more towards the anal angle. On the hindwings, as in 

 C. connimbcnn, the outer band is much encroached on by the colour of 

 the fringe ; near the tip, as in the latter species, it is very much 

 suffused with white. The inner band is very narrow, the margins being 

 somewhat ragged. The black discoidal spot is well developed. 



C. relicta. — The ovum is flat beneath, somewhat flattened on the top. 

 It measures •045in.--05in. The vertical ribs number about 80, and are 

 somewhat irregular. The lateral ribs rather largo. The colour is 

 reddish-brown. The qqq very much resembles that of ( '. fraxini. 

 In the first two instars the larva also very much resembles that 

 of C. fraxini, and I took no further description. In the third 

 instar it also resembles C. fraxini of corresponding age, the ground- 

 colour is, however, slightly more pinkish. The hump, though 

 small, is somewhat more developed than in the latter at this stage, 

 reddish, surrounded with a black ring. The tubercles are black, but 

 very small and indistinct, those on the eighth abdominal forming the 

 usual ridge, which is black. It also has the streaks developed. 

 Beneath, the larva is bluish-white, with the spots developed slightly 

 on the third and fourth abdominals and thoracic segments. It thus 

 agrees with C. fraxini in everything except the slightly pinkish 

 ground-colour and the hump. The larvte described died in this instar. 



The imago very much resembles C. fraxini in having only a narrow 

 band of the ground-colour on the hindwings, but in this species the 

 lilac-blue tinge has been almost lost, and the band is nearly white. 



Migration and Dispersal of Insects: Orthoptera. 



By J. W. TUTT, F.E.S. 



{Continued from p. 18.) 



One of the most formidable and destructive locusts is Schistocerca 

 perefjrina, so long known as Acridiinn. pcrcf/rinum, a species to which 

 reference has already been made. It is probably the locust that is 

 mentioned in the book Exodus as causing one of the plagues of 

 Egypt ; it is also the chief locust found in north-west India. The 

 species is almost unknown in Europe, although in October, 1H69, a 

 number of examples were captured in various parts of south-west 

 England and the south of Ireland. The visitors wore also recorded 

 from Waterford, Warwickshire, Worcestershire, Derbyshire, Stalford- 

 shire, and Nottingham. Htrange to say, no specimens were observed 

 elsewhere in Britain nor on the continent of Europe. It is difficult to 

 determine the direction in which these locusts were migrating, for, had 

 they come from Africa to our western and southern shores, one would 

 have expected records of their occurrence in Spain or France. It is, 

 perhaps, more reasonable to suppose that they were migrating out to 



