DISTRIBUTION OF LEPIDOPTERA. G3 



Ireland, where it can ])enefit by tlie warm Atlantic wator.s, and not on 

 the east coast ; yet its absence on the south coasts of England and 

 Ireland hint that it might easily ha^•c too much. It seems more 

 probable that it likes bare, open, sandy country, and cannot get it with 

 us except on our coast sandhills. 



There are a number of other species that come under the same 

 categories as these we have considered, and others, chiefly Micros, of 

 which I know too little, as to habits and distribution, to feel sure about, 

 but I have made a list of most of these, which may allbrd further 

 material for discussion : — 



1. — Immigrants unable to maintain a footing, cither because they 

 cannot stand frost, or because they require a warmer climate altogether. 

 Some of these may exceptionally exist on our south coast for a year or 

 two, or may breed in England for one season, but are either killed by 

 frost the first winter (C. edtiaa, C. Jtyah'), or emerge so late tbe follow- 

 ing year (L). (/alii) Sifi to be unable to continue. These are: Colias Jtijalc, ( '. 

 ediisa, A. latJiojiia, K. anjiades, L. huetica, D. tjal it {ajXid other Sphinges), 

 Deiupeia pidchdla, liijnia viiisculusa, H. ariiiviera /, Marffarudes miionalis, 

 Antiijastra catalannalis, Diaaeviia rciitiburialis, smd Aplasia unonaria; 

 whilst falling doubtfully between these and the peniianent residents 

 are such species as — Clustvra anacliuveta, Dianthoecia albimacula, 

 Ennuinus autionnaria, and I'lddf/upJnira ewpyrva. 



2. — Very southern species, that pass the summer as pupa, and 

 depend altogether on a warm winter — Aporophyla auatralis, HdiophobiDi 

 hiapidns, LeiicxDua piitreHceii.^, LitJiusia caniola, Micixi ostvina .' , M. 

 parra ! , 1\ enqn/rea (if not in previous list). 



3. — Species requiring the assistance of a mild winter, but not in 

 the especial degree of the last — T. a<-tai'oit, L. lutanila, S. vlinjsidi- 

 furmis, L. f.rifulii, L. ritcllina, L. alhipitncta, C. aiiihii/Ka, Laphjijma 

 e.fiijita (or immigrant), Mdlinia dcrlhtris, Oduntia dentalis, To.rocainpa 

 vraccac, Avidalia Jiuniiliata, A. .strii/ihij'ia, A. dci/owraria, A, nchrafa, 

 L'raiidjHA dlliiiwlltis, Mi'liasohlaptcti andla, Xula coituiudi'^, JleliutluH 

 lidtiijcra, Chortudcs iiiorrisii, and Folia niyrucincta. 



4. — Possibly requiring the high summer temperature of south 

 coast, with the greater amount of sunshine there — .V. cin.ria, ! T. 

 ortacon, S. rlir>/xidifuniiis, / Jl. jidtii/rra. 



5. — On coast, because no suital)le inland station far enough south, 

 or at all, owing to food-plant cultivation — N. jdiilaitt/iifhniiis, several 

 Dianthoecias. 



6. — Probably dominated by special habit as regards water and 

 inundations — Malacoxowa castirnsis, 



7.- — Chiefly determined by food-plants — I'/Kundcsiiia sinarai/daria, 

 KitjiitJiccia innotata, E. cxtoisaria, / Ancrastia lutdla, ■ iiijuancyda 

 candla, I t'rainbmfascdindlin^. 



8. — Doubtful, probably nature of soil — A", zcniaria. 



I have left out of account some species which have, in my opinion, 

 rather an inland than a coast distribution, such as — Uhaiiadc^nilobidaiiac, 

 ihrliudia crytltroa'pliala, Mditaca atlialia, Ant/irocrra riciae (indiloti), 

 Lithosia anil plana, Cucldidion acdlana (liiiiacddcs), Hetfiviioua cniciata 

 (asdla), Portliesia chri/aonhut'a, Jiri/uphila viiiralis, Xniui'/ria spaiyaiiii, 

 Cleora riduaria, JJutys flavalis, Xijlophasia siibliistrifi, Calliiiiorp/ta licra, 

 Kidcpia cribruiii, etc., many of which differ from my list 3, only in 

 being somewhat inland, instead of being confined to the coast. 



