COLEOPTERA. 103 



have fairly well developed wings, with extensive elytra, for the double 

 purpose of stridulation and protecting the wings. 



Crick'ots have discovered a new use for the wings. When folded 

 these voluminous organs project well beyond the elytra and beyond the 

 abdomen itself in many species. This is the case with (TrijlhiK <lo)i>('sticiis. 

 These projecting portions are sensitive, and probably, with the cerci, 

 act as antennte, and delicate organs of touch for protection in the rear. 

 The extreme variability of these organs is probably due to pan- 

 mixia. Weismann notices the same fact with regard to the tails of 

 domestic cats and dogs (Weismann, " On Heredity," English Trans., 

 2nd Ed., vol. i., p. 442). The existence of these organs is not 

 absolutely necessary for the welfare of the species, therefore natural 

 selection no longer exerts any influence over these parts, and an occa- 

 sional variation is not eliminated by the early destruction of its pos- 

 sessor, so that the organs are not maintained at such a pitch of 

 development, though it must be remembered that long after the wings 

 are too short to be of use for flight, the elytra of the males are retained 

 for a totally different purpose, namely, stridulation, with the result 

 that the female receives " transferred" rudiments of elytra which are 

 equally useless for flight or stridulation. 



(To be continued.) 



(irOLEOPTERA. 



CoLEOPTERA TAKEN IN CUMBERLAND JN 189S. — The coleoptera noted 

 in this paper are all additions to the list contributed to the Kntoniolo- 

 (jisfs Jlrcord, vol. X., p. 126. Most of the species referred to last 

 year (1897) have again been observed, many of them in abundance. 

 During 1(S98 we have considerably extended our area of research, with- 

 out stepping beyond the confines of Cumberland. Where no locality 

 is attached to a species, the immediate neighbourhood of Carlisle is 

 intended. Mr. E. A. Newbery has again very kindly assisted in 

 naming and verifying doubtful species. Camhus i/lahratitf!, one fine 

 example on Honister Crag. C. (/rcDnilatiiy under oLones near Carlisle 

 and under shore refuse at SiUotli. ' . armi-Mx. uudri' stones, bty Head 

 Pass and Honister Crag, yotioii/iiliis aqua it ns, auuci atuues, itc. 

 Ncbria (ii/llcit/uili, very common in the Gelt valley. KiapJinisi riparins, 

 banks of the Eden. Di/sfliiiu(s iiiijnoictijx'nnis and saUnns, sandhills 

 and mudl)anks on the Solway Firth. 1). nlobtisitu, common on mud- 

 banks at the estuary of the Eden. Ih-adnccUus. simUi-^, in moss. Harji- 

 alus tanl/i^, on pathways. Stfnuis inoincatus, sparingly under stones. 

 I'tcnistirJiiis ritrens, under stones on Skiddaw and other mountains. 

 r. diUin'm, common in moss, near Brampton. Near Carhsle, P. 

 stmuiiis, only appears to occur. I\ irrnalis, sparingly by riversides. 

 Aiiiara fiilra, banks of the river Petteril. A. bifmns and fainilian's, 

 sparingly met with on the coast near Allonby. A. liimcollis, under 

 stones and in moss. A. triiialis, generally common on paths, &c. 

 Ancliuiih'nits pirciis, banks of the Petteril. }>riiibi<liiiiii }>umtidatum, 

 tibialc, and atrnrarndrini), common by stream sides. Jl. numtivola, in 

 company with the preceding but much less common. 1>. stoiiuddfs, 

 several llrwbidia taken on the banks of a small river, are referred by 

 Mr. Newbery to this species ; the colour is distinctly greenish. l>. 



