122 THE entomologist's record. 



e. ab. affiniata, Bkh. — Ground slightly paler, weakly marked, costa more 



curved (? a superfluous name). 

 /. ab. nc<ilect<ita, Weav. — Larger size, markings tolerably well pronounced. 

 n. — Forms with darkened ground colour, = ab. ohncnrata, Stgr. : — 



g. ab. ohscumta, Stgr., aec.fif). cit. (Dup., viii., 205; Frr., 426,4). — Bands 

 or lines well discernible, though on darkened ground. 

 > h. ab. melana, mihi, n. ab. = var. <? Haw. — Markings lost in the 

 extremely darkened ground colour. 

 i. ab../('/H?;nV/frt,Haw. — Ground colour slightly darkened ("fusco-cinereis"), 



anterior strigfe lacking. 

 j. ab. ventilata, Fb. — Ground colour slightly darkened ("obscure cine- 



reis "), but with paler waved markings. 

 A", ab. precitrsaria (? Weav.), Gregs. — Ground colour more tinged with 

 brown, markings of fore-wings weak (as in C. horeata). 

 in. — Forms with whitish ground colour, ? = var. autuninata, Stgr., Cat.,'pro 

 parte, nee. Bkh. : — 

 I. ab. jxillidn, mihi, n. ab. — Dirty white with distinct markings. 

 lit. ab. (? var.) cJirii^tyi, mihi, n. ab. — Pale grey or dirty white, glossy, 

 weakly marked, central spot of fore-wings extremely small, second 

 line angulated almost as in 0. autumnata, Bkh., and fdinrammaria, 

 H.S. 

 Note. — The last-named aberration or variety (which I have called ab. chrhtyi, 

 in honour of Mr. W. M. Christy, of Emsworth, who has very kindly supplied me 

 with specimens from Eannoch) seems inclined to form a local race in some places, 

 and, indeed, at one time I spoke of it in my manuscript notes as " the birch sub- 

 species " ; the genitalia, however, agree with normal dilutata. Those eg^s which 

 I have seen are somewhat more highly polished, and of a more orange colour than 

 the typical, but are liable to some variation. The form is almost exactly like 

 Guenee's figure of his autumnata { = autumnata, Bkh., var. gueneata, mihi), and I 

 should hardly have been able to convince myself that it was not christyi which 

 Guenee had before him, but for his indications as to the larva (no reddish markings) 

 and his specimens sent to Doubleday (a form of true autumnata, Bkh.). Even now 

 I cannot help suspecting that Guenee may have confused auiumnnta var. gueneata 

 and dilutata var. chrhtyi, figuring the latter while describing the former. Placed 

 side by side, however, chriftyi is (like all forms of dilutata) of a dirtier tone than 

 gneneata as it stands in Doubleday's collection. I may add that Doubleday has 

 some British examples of var. christyi in his collection, and has labelled them 

 " autumnata ? " Its larva, like that of typical dilutata, often has red markings. 

 IV.— Aberrations with respect to the central area. Two of these are very 

 striking, but both hitherto unnamed : — 

 ??. ab. coarctata, mihi, n. ab. — Central area narrow, the lines bounding it 

 being closely approximated. This is figured by Erschov in Hnrae 

 Sor. F.nt.'Ttosa., vi., pi. iii., fig. 4, and I possess one from Nottingham. 

 0. ab. latifai^ciata, mihi, n. ab. — Broad dark central fascia on paler ground 

 colour. Mentioned by several authors, and figured by Mr. W. P. 

 Blackburne-Maze in Entom. Rec, vii., pi. ii. 



A Classification of Butterflies by tlieir Antennae. 



By T. a. chapman, M.D., F.Z.S., F.E.S. 



[Concluded from p. 89.) 



Dr. Jordan begins his survey of antennae with the butterflies, 

 where antennal evokition has made great progress in particular 

 directions, and he has not apparently made many observations of the 

 antennae of the Flialaenoc, except amongst the larger forms, and then 

 chiefly of the (Jhtectac. He has thus been led into erroneous views as 

 to the relations of hairs and scales on lepidopterous antennae in the 

 evolutionary series. He assumes that an antenna without scales is 

 the primary form, and seems to consider that some trace of this form 

 still appears in the not-scaled antennae of sundry Ilepiali. There is no 

 doubt the not-scaled antenna is the primary form, but we must look 



