202 THE entomologist's record. 



The British Pui/c/iidid would then foi'in the followiiip- subfamilies: 



I. — Male pupa with auteiiov hook.s and iutfv.seg- 

 meut.il spines. 

 1. — ? without appendages remaining in ease. 



rt. — (J without posterior tibial spurs .. 1. I'sychinae. 



h. — <? with posterior til)ial spurs . . .. II. EricHxorTKKYGiNAE. 



2. — ? with legs emerge from case . . . . I J I. I-Ymeinae. 



II. — Male pupa with posterior hooks. 



1. — Female pupa without posterior hooks does 



not emerge from case . . . . . . IV. Luffianae. 



*2. — Female pupa with posterior hooks emerges 



from case . . . . . . , . V. TALEroRiANAE. 



or 



I. — Jjarvnl trapezoidal tubercles reversed, ? pupa 

 without anal hooks. 

 1. — Male pupa with anterior hooks and inter- 

 segmental spines 



? 



<? without posterior tibial spurs I. I'sychinae. 



b. 



i [ (? with posterior tibial spurs . . II. Epichnoptekyginae. 



c. ? Emerges from case . . . . . . III. Fcjmeinae. 



2. — Male pupa with posterior hocks .. .. IV. Luffianak. 



IT. — Larval trapezoidalskeep in usumI order, or onlv 



slightly reversed . . . . . . V. Talepokianae. 



Diplodotiia is Taleporiid. Xi/sinatoiloiiKi and I'ljsihuiiles are not 

 Psychids, but belong to a family ovioinatini;' in Adelids, with Talcporia, 

 Tinea, &c. 



It is clear, therefore, that wherever the lowest Psychids {Tahporia 

 &c.) arose, they continued afterwards to be a separate stirps, and gave 

 rise to no other families. Any comparison of the pupal characters 

 with other families shows that they are allied only with certain Adelids 

 or Tineids. 



The anterior row of dorsal spines, which is a single row in the 

 Psychids, may be paralleled in various Tineids and Adelids, as in many 

 other pupa>, but in no other pupa that I have examined is the posterior 

 row on the flexible intersegmental membrane as it is in P.si/che, but always 

 on the firm chitin of the solid segment. The ventral anal hooks certainly 

 suggest that they have been derived from a persistence of the anal 

 prolegs, and have originated in the family. The scars of the ventral 

 prolegs are always strongly marked in all Psychid pupje; a similar scar 

 of the anal prolegs might easily give rise to these hooks. Similar 

 hooks exist in some Adelids and Tineids, and may be identical in 

 origin, but they generally seem a little moie lateral than in rsi/cfw, 

 and are possibly of really cremastral origin. 



In the Taleporiids, which are more closely allied to the Adelids and 

 Tineids, we find the dorsal spines do not form a row, but a batch of 

 several rows, similar to many Adelid subfamilies, but not occurring in 

 Tincd, which has advanced to the single row. The anal hooks (dorsal 

 en lOtli segment) of the Taleporiids occur also in these i^ame Adehds, 

 so that the presumption is very strong that the Taleporias originated 

 amongst the Aculeate-Lepidoptera fairly low down. Tinea, Psi/i/ioidcs, 

 Tiscltcria, and others probably arose nearly at the same point. 



In Psychid pujia' the maxilhe are reduced to a triangular wedge 

 just outside the labial palpi, that are fully exposed. The nuixillary 

 palpi may be lost, but are generally represented by a short process at 

 the outer angle of the maxilla. A similar condition of the maxilles 



