234 THE KXTOMOLOCTST S ItECOKD. 



^oeeies and one or two other^^, and is, probably, with many, that if the 

 cario be disturbed very slightly after it is Inuig up, the larva agani 

 becomes active to find a fresh place, and I have noted that it contuiues 

 restless for a long time, if unable to find one. It dislikes, for mstance, 

 the smooth surface if it be confined in a glass vessel, and also seems to 

 realise and resent being in a confined space. Examples that contmued ■ 

 restless for many days under such circumstances settled down con- 

 tentedly when allowed to climb a few feet of wall. 



Casr.—The length of the case is -|in. to fin., and a])out ^m. m 

 diameter, straight, and of circular section, tapering gradually through 

 about half its^ length to the free end (tail of larva, head of pupa), and 

 very shghtly to the attached end. The silk it is formed of is white, 

 ami tough " against tearing, but has no solidity, so that the case is 

 very compressible. It is covered with small scraps of rock, chiefly 

 scales of mica, some of considerable (comparatively) size, making 

 rather a brilliantly sparkling object in many cases. The rocks m its 

 reo-ion are highlv micaceous. The case is white or blackish (or more 

 usually intermediate) according to the tint of the other rock con- 

 stituents at its precise habitat. On April 13th two <? imagines were 

 taken on the wing. Others emerged at various dates afterwards. Ihe 

 cases taken were much more largely males than females, and a large 

 proportion failed to emerge, no doubt, owing to illusage m travelling, 

 and especially as regards temperature in England. These Psychids 

 require the cases containing the pupte to be exposed to the sun, if one 

 mav judge from their most usual stations when hung up ; but any 

 artificial attempt to keep them warm results in drying them up, or 

 dampino- them off. No doubt the spinning up to a solid surface 

 involves'' an arrangement of silk both at the end of the case so closed, 

 as well as elsewhere, that restrains evaporation within safe_ limits. 

 Their removal often breaks this down and destroys this protection. 



p„pa.—The fewale pupa is about ^^. in length, and rather 

 over J-in. in thickness where widest, r/c, at about the 6th abdominal 

 segment whence it is rounded off" behind, and tapers oft' to about half 

 that diameter (J^in-) '^^ the thorax. The mesothorax, forms the 

 anterior end of the pupa, the head being bent ventrally. i here is no 

 definite cremastral armature, but there are ventrally longitudinally 

 impressed lines on 8, 9 and 10. The lateral subspiracular flange is 

 indicated by a faint line, along which the curvature is greater, looking 

 as if the pupa had once been flattened down and this had been the line 

 of foldino- not quite successfully straightened out— three hnes of faint 

 depressions both dorsal and ventral of this. The scars of prolegs are 

 well marked. There is a dorsal ridge on pro- and mesothorax, 

 which together form a sort of hood, beneath which the face is sunl^. 

 T^he face' area, with that of the front of thoracic segments, forms a small 

 wrinkled surface, in which no detail of parts can be safely defined. 

 The movable incisions are those in front of abdominal segments 4, .>, 

 and 7 ; that between 2 and 3 seems to be ancliylosed ventrally, but 

 dorsally to have a structure still admitting of movement. Ihe dorsal 

 spines are represented bv three rough transverse ridges across the 

 dorsa of segments H and 9, and in some individuals just indicated on i. 

 The dehiscence is by a dorsal slit down the thoracic segments, the pro- 

 thorax also partially separating both from the head and the meso- 

 thorax. An examination of the dehisced pupa-case shows more definite 



