PRACTICAL HINTS. 271 



I'ose, sloe, &c.; fnsmonirdhi on linzel ; aniintula on Achillea niiUr- 

 foliuui : putcntillac on bramble, I'otcniilla turmentilla, Sjiirara lUi- 

 pnvhila, Pnteriuin sanffulsi»-ba, &c.; badiipennclla on elm. 



5. — In some localities the mines of LithmolU'tif; coinparclla are 

 common in leaves of many species of Populus, but prefer the garden 

 one with white undersides to its leaves. The moths emerge at once. 



6. — LarvsB of LitluwoUctis rvnim'tonoii should be sought for in 

 mines at the edges of leaves of Sali.r riminalis. 



7. — reroui'd tn'stana and fomifiana are to be beaten from their 

 food-plants (T7i»r?j»)/; lantana and birch). Both are very variable, so 

 should be carefully examined. 



8. — Mines of Xepticula rat/tarticdla often occur in great quantities 

 in leaves of Fiha)inui!< cathartinix, but are difficult to see until one's eye 

 becomes accustomed to them. 



9. — Larvae of Xi'pticnla iin/rtUlfUa -dve sometimes common in moor- 

 land districts in leaves of Vaniiiuoii iin/rtiUiis. 



10. — Mines of LitJiocoIlctis stcttindla, Xepticula alnddla and (jlnti- 

 Home occur in alder leaves. The larvii? of the Lithocolletids are partial 

 to the small leaves at the ends of twigs. 



11. — Kupitlu'Lia caiiijKoudata larv« feed on the seeds of ('(Diipanida 

 trachdiuxi, and may also be found in gardens on cultivated varieties of 

 Canterbury bells. 



12. — Larvae of ( 'ocJiijlis sjiieat/niicoDuana are now about fullfed, aud 

 are to be found iji seed-heads of Ar/iillea iiiillc/olinui, connecting the 

 seed-vessels with a silken gallery. 



By J. W. TUTT, F.E.S. 



13. — During October the spun-together leaves of birch should i)e 

 collected for pupa^ of ])r('pana falratario ; similarly fastened together 

 leaves of beech will give pupje of 7>. tou/nicida. 



14. — The roots of old poplars are always a prolific hunting ground 

 for the collector of pup^i?. One of the best finds is L'umatnphora 

 (H-idarU. 



15. — At the roots of oaks one not only finds large numbers of 

 common Tteniocampid aud other pupjie, but those of L'tpuatoidiora 

 r/(/f».s, and other rarer insects are also to be taken — Xotudnuta dudouaca, 

 X. chaonia, itc. 



16. — The spun up leaves of poplars should be searched for the full- 

 fed and pupating larvfe of ('Insti'in ntytida. 



17. — The imagines of Ihisjivaiupa nihii/iuca are to be taken at 

 sugar and on ivy blossom in October and November. They hybernate 

 and occur again at sallows and at sugar in the spring. 



18. — The imago of Hiiiwra pcnnavia flies at dusk in October and 

 November (comes also very freely to light). Many may be sometimes 

 found at rest on the bare twigs of bushes afterwards, and at rest they 

 resemble very closely dead leaves. 



19. — In October beating for larviB by night often pays better than 

 beating by day. Ci/iiiatophom fiiictKosa, Drcpana falnda, and many 

 other birch feeders hide in spun leaves by day, but fall readily into the 

 beating-tray at night. 



20. — -The seed-heads of golden-rod should be collected in October, 

 ami ki'[)t out of doors daring the winter. In spring they should be 

 put under cover, and in this way it is possible to breed I'lujnncilia sidi- 

 yoaeaiia freely in May and June. 



