related to climatic fluctuations, and their association with particularly 

 frequent volcanic -ash deposition is suggestive that climatic effects of 

 increased explosive volcanism may have been controlling factors. (Authors) 



,054 CLARK, J. A., FARRELL, W. E.. and PELTIER, tf. E. 1978. "Global Changes 

 Post Glacial Sea-Level: A Numerical Calculation," Quaternary Research . Vol 9, 

 pp 265-287. 



The sea-level rise due to ice-sheet melting since the last glacial maxi- 

 mum was not uniform everywhere because of the deformation of the Earth's sur- 

 face and its geoid by changing ice and water loads. A numerical model is 

 employed to calculate global changes in relative sea- level on a spherical 

 viscoelastic Earth as northern hemisphere ice sheets melt and fill the ocean 

 basins with meltwater. Predictions for the past 16,000 years explain a large 

 proportion of the global variance in the sea-level record, particularly during 

 the Holocene. Results indicate that the oceans can be divided into six zones, 

 each of which is characterized by a specific form of the relative sea-level 

 curve. In four of these zones emerged beaches are predicted, and these may 

 form even at considerable distance from the ice sheets themselves. In the 

 remaining zones submergence is dominant, and no emerged beaches are expected. 

 The close agreement of these predictions with the data suggests that, contrary 

 to the beliefs of many, no net change in ocean volume has occurred during the 

 past 5000 years. Predictions for localities close to the ice sheets are the 

 most in error, suggesting that slight modifications of the assumed melting 

 history and/or the rheological model of the Earth's interior are necessary. 

 (Authors) . 



055 CLARX, J. A. and LINGLE, C. S. 1977. "Future Sea-Level Changes Due to 

 West Antarctic Ice Sheet Fluctuations," Nature . Vol 269, pp 206-209. 



Global sea- level changes which would result from an instantaneous 

 uniform thinning of the possibly unstable West Antarctic ice sheet are 

 calculated and found to be nonuniform. At locations distant from the ice 

 sheet (Hawaii, New York, the North Sea), immediate submergence would be 

 followed by gradual additional submergence, then slow emergence. At New 

 Zealand, immediate submergence would be followed by gradual additional 

 submergence, then slow emergence would begin 2,500 year. At locations close 

 to the ice sheet (Cape Horn, the Ross Ice Shelf) , the sea-level would fall for 

 1,100 year, then rapid submergence would start resulting in a net sea- level 

 rise after 10,000 year equal to about 92% of the average global rise. 

 (Authors) . 



056 CLARK, J. A. and LINGLE, C. S. 1979. "Predicted Relative Sea-Level 

 Changes (18,000 years B.P. to present) Caused By' Late-Glacial Retreat of the 

 Antarctic Ice Sheet," Quaternary Research . Vol II, pp 279-298. 



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